HomeMy WebLinkAbout114 Grovewood Ave; 17-3278; ROOFCITY OF SANFORD
BUILDING & FIRE PREVENTION
E
PERMIT APPLICATICiN
0 6 201pApplication No: -7V
cumented Construction Value: -
Job Address: I I L4 6 ('0J evVooal Avg. Sn rvli rCCA Historic District: Yes No E]
Parcel ID: IQ- — 30 -'SOS - 0000 - D GQ ResidentialSR/CommercialEl
Type of Work: New Addition Alteration Repair Demo Change of Use MoveEl
Description of Work: !2-f- - (; Op--
Plan Review Contact Person: ,(ZI /AiU JCC A (-E-077 Title: jloavr !2oA) M(.cUL_
Phone: Fax: Email: *3i?/AjJ S. J-KAik M R of 10(-kR 4'!' K1 !,
Property Owner Information
Name M A v-u S r h-Q i r\ i) Phone: 140-1 - o
Street: I H 6roylLyV eod fiver Resident of property?
City, State Zip: S OLrx !EQ I- of El 321-1 3
Contractor Information
Name J 9 M (Z j s: fir- U i C i? S Phone: t-I o-1 - q w p- 3 q 3 1 _
Street: 1916 C, Qr oerc-FP SCE Ua _ S to ( Fax: 321 - LA 2Z- 000 2 _
City, State Zip: LO Wood !(__ 32l -5O State License No.: CC 1 32% 5 L4 3_ Architect/
Engineer Information Name:
Street:
City,
St, Zip: Bonding
Company: Address:
Phone:
Fax:
E-
mail: _ Mortgage
Lender: Address:
WARNING
TO OWNER: YOUR FAILURE TO RECORD A NOTICE OF COMMENCEMENT MAY RESULT IN YOI,R PAYING
TWICE FOR IMPROVEMENTS TO YOUR PROPERTY. A NOTICE OF COMMENCEMENT MUST FIE RECORDED
AND POSTED ON THE JOB SITE BEFORE THE FIRST INSPECTION. IF YOU INTEND TO OBTAIN FINANCING,
CONSULT WITH YOUR LENDER OR AN ATTORNEY BEFORE RECORDING YOUR NOTICE (w COMMENCEMENT.
Application
is hereby made to obtain a permit to do the work and installations as indicated. I certify that no work or installation has commenced
prior to the issuance of a permit and that all work will be performed to meet standards of all laws regulating construction in
this jurisdiction. I understand that a separate permit must be secured for electrical work, plumbing, signs, wells, pools, furnaces,
boilers, heaters, tanks, and air conditioners, etc. FBC
105.3 Shall be inscribed with the date of application and the code in effect as of that date: 5th Edition (2014) Florida Building ode rJ Revised:
June 30, 2015 Permit Application C/o `
NOTICE: In addition to the requirements of this permit, there may be additional restrictions applicable to this property that may )e
found in the public records of this county, and there may be additional permits required from other governmental entities such as water
management districts, state agencies, or federal agencies.
Acceptance of permit is verification that I will notify the owner of the property of the requirements of Florida Lien Law, FS 713.
The City of Sanford requires payment of a plan review fee at the time of permit submittal. A copy of the executed contract is required
in order to calculate a plan review charge and will be considered the estimated construction value of the job at the time of submit1:11.
The actual construction value will be figured based on the current ICC Valuation Table in effect at the time the permit is issued, in
accordance with local ordinance. Should calculated charges figured off the executed contract exceed the actual construction value,
credit will be applied to your permit fees when the permit is issued.
OWNER'S AFFIDAVIT: I certify that all of the foregoing information is accurate and that all work w ill
be done in com liance with all applicable laws regulating construction and zoning.
0 30 1 1 T le" Lao 1
signature o r/Agent Da Signature o ontractor/Agent D to
Print Owner/Aeent's Name
lZy
CLINT ROTH
at'•' :
MY COMMISSION # FF213269
Fas4o EXPIRES March 24, 2019
140h?: a•C'53 F1orAaNaayService. com Owner/
Agent is Personally Known to Me or Produced
ID o Type of ID Pkeers ItceA.,t Print
CLINT
ROTH a4•
MY COMMISSION t# FF213269 EXPIRES
March 24, 2019 4e7119•
C'53 Firw"ote Service.com Contractor/
Agent is Personally Known to Me or Produced
ID Type of ID BELOW
IS FOR OFFICE USE ONLY Permits
Required: Building Electrical Mechanical Plumbing Gas Roof Construction
Type: Total
Sq Ft of Bldg: Occupancy
Use: Min.
Occupancy Load: New
Construction: Electric - # of Amps Fire
Sprinkler Permit: Yes No # of Heads APPROVALS:
ZONING: ENGINEERING:
COMMENTS:
UTILITIES:
FIRE:
Flood
Zone: of
Stories: Plumbing - #
of Fixtures Fire
Alarm Permit: Yes No WASTE
WATER: BUILDING:
Revised:
June 30, 2015 Permit Application
SCPA Parcel View: 10-20-30-505-0000-0450 Page 1 of 2
Property Record Card
Pfir
CFA Parcel: 10-20-30-505-0000-0450
AAR ff Owner: SCHEINOST MARY A
ee m«xrrourrv,r•Gocnx
Property Address: 114 GROVEWOOD AVE SANFORD, FL 32773
Parcel Information (( Value Summary
Parcel 10-20-30-505-0000-0450
Owner SCHEINOST MARY A
Property Address 114 GROVEWOOD AVE SANFORD, FL 32773
Mailing 114 GROVEWOOD AVE SANFORD, FL 32773
Subdivision Name GROVEVIEW VILLAGE 1ST ADD REPLAT
Tax District S1-SANFORD
DOR Use Code 01-SINGLE FAMILY
Exemptions 00-HOMESTEAD(2004)
Legal Description
LOT 45
GROVEVIEW VILLAGE 1ST ADD REPLAT
PB 26 PGS 4 TO 6
Taxes
2018 Working 2017 Certified
Values Values
Valuation Method Cost/Market f Cost/Market
Number of Buildings 11 1
Depreciated Bldg Value 106,224 j $100,119 --
Depreciated EXFT Value i
Land Value (Market) 1 $25,000 25,000
Land Value Ag
L..-
Just/Market Value '* -
Portability Adj
fii $131 224 - I $125,119
Save Our Homes Adj- 1 $44,304 39,987
Amendment 1 Adj 0
P&G Adj i $0 I $0
Assessed Value - - 86,920 1 $85,132
Tax Amount without SOH: $1,594.60
2017 Tax Bill Amount $833.19
Tax Estimator
Save Our Homes Savings: $761.41
Does NOT INCLUDE Non Ad Valorem Assessments
Taxing Authority Assessment Value Exempt Values Taxable Value
County General Fund $86,920 $50,000 1 $36,920
Schools $86,920 $25,000 $61,920
City Sanford $86,920 $50,000 I $36,920
SJWM(Salnt Johns Water Management) $86,920 $50,000 1 $36,920
County Bonds .$86,920 $50,000 $36,920
Sales
Description Date Book Page Amount Qualified Vac/Imp
WARRANTY DEED 4/1/2003 j 04824 0445 119,000 i Yes Improved
WARRANTY DEED-_ 6/1/1986 - 101741 i 1334 65,600 1 Yes Improved
WARRANTY DEED- 3/1/1984 01535 1274 61,900 1 Yes Improved
Find Comparable Sales
j Land
Method Frontage Depth Units Units Price Land Value
LOT _ 0.00 1 0.00 1 1 $25,000.00 i $25,000
I Building Information
Is Bed/Bath count incorrect? Click Here.
Description
Year Built Fixtures Bed Bath Base Area Total SF Living SF Ext Wall Adj Value Repl Value Appendages
Actual/Effective
1 I SINGLE i 1984 6 i 3 2.0 , 1,432 ; 1,972 i 1,432 1 CONC 1 $106,224 $124,603 ; Description Area
FAMILY i BLOCK j
I j i 40.00
http://parceldetail.scpafl.org/ParcelDetailInfo.aspx?PID=10203050500000450 11/7/2017
SCPA Parcel View: 10-20-30-505-0000-0450 Page 2 of 2
i
Permits
OPEN
PORCH
FINISHED
GARAGE
500.00
FINISHED
Permit # Description Agency Amount CO Date Permit Date
01690 REROOF SANFORD 3,300 i 4/1/2003
Extra Features
Description Year Built Units Value New Cost
No Extra Features
http://parceldetail.scpafl.org/ParcelDetaillnfo.aspx?PID=10203050500000450 11/7/2017
e- ,
THIS INSTRUMENT PREPARED BY: /
Name:
Address' 101-7 0 C o r-Ipo cb Us cf, Co, _-fie []
NOTICE OF COMMENCEMENT
Permit Number.
11ANT NALOYr SEMINOLE COUNTY
CLEFZK OF CIR:CL)IT COURT t; C OMF'TROLLER:
BK. 9012 Ps 212 (Ipos)
CLERK'S v 2017107265
I ECOR:DII•IG FEED t10.00
RECORDED BY hdevore
Parcel ID Number. I O 3 O - SO $ ' 0000 - 04S 0
The undersigned hereby gives notice that improvement will be made to certain real property, and in accordance with Chapter 713, Florida Statutes, the
following information is provided in this Notice of Commencement
1. DESCRIPTION OF PROPERTY: (Legal description of the property and street address if available)
2. GENERAL SCRIPTION OF IMPROVEMENT:
3. OWNER INFORMATION OR LESSEE INFORMATION IF THE LESSEE CONTRACTED FOR THE IMPROVEMENT:
Name and address: Mq S CynP i nO sz ( 1 q 6 rove Wo od Afe- «-A n JCQC(A
Interest in property: Q: ) :) f, --
Fee Simple Title Holder (if other than owner listed above) Name:
4. CONTRACTOR: Name: J $ rn 00-Ft (10, n-' t' U i C -P S Phone Number. t-ri V 0 V _ C-1'5 1
Address: t °I -i 0 Co r 1A G r ate S at i o _s , , ; --t P Lan ) i .
S. SURETY (If applicable, a copy of the payment bond Is attached): Name:
Address:
Amount of Bond:
LENDER: Name: Phone Number.
Address:
7. Persons within the State of Florida Designated by Owner upon whom notice or other documents maybe served as provided by Section
713.13(1)(a)7., Florida Statutes.
Name: Phone Number.
In addition, Owner designates of
to receive a copy of the Lienoes Notice as provided in Section 713.13(1)(b). Florida Statutes. Phone number.
9. Expiration Date of Notice of Commencement (The expiration is 1 year from date of recording unless a different date Is specified)
WARNING TO OWNER: ANY PAYMENTS MADE BY THE OWNER AFTER THE EXPIRATION OF THE NOTICE OF COMMENCEMENT ARE
CONSIDERED IMPROPER PAYMENTS UNDER CHAPTER 713, PART I. SECTION 713.13, FLORIDA STATUTES, AND CAN RESULT IN YOUR
PAYING TWICE FOR IMPROVEMENTS TO YOUR PROPERTY. A NOTICE OF COMMENCEMENT MUST BE RECORDED AND POSTED ON THE
JOB SITE BEFORE THE FIRST INSPECTION. IF YOU INTEND TO OBTAIN FINANCING, CONSULT WITH YOUR LENDER OR AN ATTORNEY
BEFORE COMMENCING WORK OR RECORDING YOUR NOTICE OF COMMENCEMENT.
s"wre of ov or Lessee, or owneor Lessee's rh (Print era Routes signator ra l feeuotnce) Mwttwd
oftarroi edNfl)aMw Aftwgsr) State
of fr F%04 b d County of 1,U (AXI LiP The
foregoing instrument tyas acknowledged before me this Zd day of oc-T ZO by
fi (r"—f <./C rrL 1 n Name
of person who
has produced identific atlon_Q(4 of identification produced: CLINT
ROTH MY
COMMISSION # FF213269 i
e,:t EXPIRES March 24, 2019 Who
is pe onaliy kknnoown to me OR l"
5 r (ila T .. _ Notary
V
LIMITED POWER OF ATTORNEY
Altamonte Springs, Casselberry, Lake Mary, Longwood, Sanford,
Seminole County, Winter Springs
Date: I O I I g 1 171
I hereby name and appoint:
an agent of. j I m Zoo4 1nc.. S-e-V i CP.0
ame of Company)
to be my lawful attorney -in -fact to act for me to apply for, receipt for, sign for and do all things
necessary to this appointment for (check only one option):
Sr""' The specific permit and application for work located at:
H C rove.Vvo0C4 Ne 3atn4--oral 32 13
Street Address)
Expiration Date for This Limited Power of Attorney:
License Holder Name: mi G hA f 1 KO e- h k Cr
State License Number:
Signature of License H
STATE OF FLORIDA
COUNTY OF "trc
The foregoing instrument was acknowledged before me this 30day of Cam_, 200 ,
by %%(G who is rsonally known to
me or who has produced identification
and who did (did not) take a at . Signai6re
CLINT
ROT" CLINTROTHFF2132E9
zj- 9NryAt;64MISSION L?_0TI"1 EXPIRES
Marc?rint or type name arch24, 2019 p 146
11 :J:;f,'y°, FIOridallo'.a' S }' CNICB.COIF. Notary
Public - State of b Commission
No. fFZ My
Commission Expires: 3 Rev.
08.12) as
D City of Sanford
Building
Product Approval Specification Form
Permit #
Project Location Address I I Ll A e-ny e-W o0 c4 Ave, 3 2"l"1 3
As required by Florida Statute 553.842 and Florida Administrative Code 9N-3, please provide the
information and product approval number(s) on the building components listed below if they are to be
utilized on the construction project for which you are applying for a building permit. We recommend that
you contact your local product supplier should you not know the product approval number for any of the
applicable listed products. Be aware that windows, skylights, and exterior doors must be tested in
accordance with the Florida Building Code, Section 1714.5. More information about Statewide Product
Approval can be obtained at www.floridabuildinQ.org.
The following information must be available on the jobsite for inspections:
1. This entire product approval form
2. A copy of the manufacturer's installation details and requirements for each product.
Category / Subcategory Manufacturer Product
Description
Florida Approval #
include decknal
1. Exterior Doors
Swinging
Sliding
Sectional
Roll U
Automatic
Other
2. Windows
Single Hun
Horizontal Slider
Casement
Double Hun
Fixed
Awning
Pass Through
Projected
Mullions
Wind Breaker
Dual Action
Other
June 2014
Category / Subcategory Manufacturer Product
Description(including
Florida Approval #
deal'mal
3. Panel Walls
Siding
Soffits
Storefronts
Curtain Walls
Wall Louver
Glass block
Membrane
Greenhouse
E.P.S Composite
Panels
Other
4. Roofing Products
Asphalt Shingles I 0 ZLA
Underla ments F re +
Roofing Fasteners
Nonstructural
Metal Roofing
Wood Shakes and
Shingles
Roofing tiles
Roofing
Insulation
Waterproofing
Built up roofing
System
Modified Bitumen
Single Ply Roof
Systems
Roofing slate
Cements/
Adhesives /
Coating
Liquid Applied
Roofing Systems
Roof Tile
adhesive
Spray Applied
Polyurethane
Roofing
E.P.S. Roof
Panels
Roof Vents 4AF COi31vA/E FL(o7- JZ 0
Other
June 2014
Category / Subcategory Manufacturer Product
Description',
Florida Approval #
include decimal
5. Shutters
Accordion
Bahama
Colonial
Roll u
Equipment
Other
6. Skylights
Skylights
Other
7. Structural
Components
Wood Connectors /
Anchors
Truss Plates
Engineered Lumber
Railing
Coolers/Freezers
Concrete Admixtures
Precast Lintels
Insulation Forms
Plastics
Deck / Roof
Wall
Prefab Sheds
Other
8. New Exterior
Envelope Products
Applicant's Signature
Applicant's Name
Please Print)
June 2014
CITY OF
e,. ORD Building &Fire Prevention Divisi nSvj" RESIDENTIAL RE -ROOF POLICY & PROCEDURES
FIRE DEPARTMENT
PERMITTING REQUIREMENTS -NO PLAN REVIEW REQUIRED
THIS DOCUMENT (SIGNED) ALONG WITH AN ACCURATE AND COMPLETED RESIDENTIAL RE -ROOF SCOPE OF WORK ARE
REQUIRED TO BE SUBMITTED AS PART OF YOUR PERMIT APPLICATION.
THE SCOPE OF WORK MUST INCLUDE ALL APPLICABLE FLORIDA PRODUCT APPROVAL NUMBERS FOR ALL ROOF
COMPONENTS THAT WILL BE INSTALLED ON THE PROJECT.
A PERMIT WILL NOT BE ISSUED WITHOUT THESE DOCUMENTS. COPIES WILL BE MADE TO POST ON THE JOB SITE.
PROJECTS LOCATED IN THE SANFORD HISTORIC DISTRICT WILL REQUIRE PLAN REVIEW AND APPROVAL BY THE
SANFORD HISTORIC PRESERVATION BOARD
INSPECTION POLICY & PROCEDURES
A FINAL ROOF INSPECTION IS THE ONLY INSPECTION REQUIRED FOR RESIDENTIAL (SINGLE FAMILY, TOWNHOUSE,
MOBILE HOME, APARTMENT AND/OR CONDOMINIUM) RE -ROOF PERMITS.
THE FOLLOWING IS REQUIRED TO BE PROVIDE ON THE JOB SITE:
PERMIT CARD, POSTED IN A CONSPICUOUS AND WEATHERPROOF LOCATION
COMPLETED RESIDENTIAL RE -ROOF SCOPE OF WORK
COMPLETED AND NOTARIZED INSPECTION AFFIDAVIT
ALL FLORIDA PRODUCT APPROVAL AND CORRESPONDING INSTALLATION INSTRUCTIONS
PRODUCT APPROVAL SHALL MATCH WHAT IS ON THE SCOPE OF WORK)
DIGITAL PHOTOGRAPHS (MUST INCLUDE THE PERMIT NUMBER OR ADDRESS IN EACH PICTURE)
o EACH PLANE OF THE ROOF, SHOWING THE UNDERLAYMENT INSTALLED
o ROOF DECK NAILING PATTERN & S.PACING (INCLUDING A MEASURING DEVICE OR RULER)
o ROOF DECK NAILS USED (INCLUDING A MEASURING DEVICE OR RULER SHOWING SIZE OF NAILS)
o UNDERLAYMENT PATTERN & SPACING (INCLUDING A MEASURING DEVICE OR RULER)
O DRIP EDGE & VALLEY ATTACHMENT (INCLUDING A MEASURING DEVICE OR RULER)
o SHINGLES INSTALLED, NAIL PATTERN AND LOCATION OF NAILS
SKYLIGHTS (1F APPLICABLE)
o DIGITAL PHOTOGRAPHS SHOWING ALL INSTALLATION COMPONENTS, PER FL PRODUCT APPROVAL
o DIGITAL PHOTOGRAPHS SHOWING ALL REQUIRED FLASHING, PER FL PRODUCT APPROVAL
FAILURE TO FOLLOW THESE SPECIFIC GUIDELINES WILL RESULT IN AN AFFIDAVIT PROVIDED BY A FLORIDA DESIG N
PROFESSIONAL (ARCHITECT OR ENGINEER), CERTIFYING FBC CODE COMPLIANCE BY PERSONAL INSPECTION.
CONTRACTOR (OR OWNER/BUILDER) SIGNATURE: DATE: D O
CITY OF
PERMIT # /
Building dr Fire Prevention Divisi, in
RESIDENTIAL RE -ROOF SCOPE OF WO1 W
STRUCTURE TYPE: ® SINGLE FAMILY RESIDENCE/TOWNHOUSE O MOBILE HOME O APARTMENT/CONDOMINIUry
RE -ROOF TYPE: ® REPLACEMENT (TEAR OFF EXISTING ROOF AND REPLACE WITH NEW COMPONENTS)
O RE-COVER (NEW ROOF INSTALLED OVER EXISTING ROOF)
rt A DECK TYPE (PLEASE SPECIFY): 1 Z /0' YKkeF S[jeA-mar tT AYS
PLEASE NOTE: ONLY 100 SQUARE FEET OF THE EXISTING DECK IS PERMITTED TO BE REPLACED"
ROOF VENTILATION: ODFF-RIDGE ®RIDGE OSOFFIT OPOWERED VENT OTURBINES
SKYLIGHTS: O YES ®NO IF YES, PLEASE PROVIDE FLORIDA PRODUCT APPROVAL #:
MAIN ROOF AREA
ROOF SLOPE: O LESS THAN 2:12 O 2:12 - 4:12 4:12 OR GREATER
TYPE OF ROOF MANUFACTURER FLORIDA PRODUCT APPROVAL
SHINGLE r FL# L4 -
O METAL FL#
O MODIFIED BITUMEN FL#
O TORCH DOWN FL#
OINSULATED FL#
O TILE FL#
O OTHER: FL#
ROOF EXTENSIONS (PORCHES, PATIOS, ETC.) **IFAPPLICABLE**
ROOF SLOPE: O LESS THAN 2:1.2 O 2:12 -4:12 O 4:12 OR GREATER
TYPE OF ROOF MANUFACTURER FLORIDA PRODUCT APPROVAL
O SHINGLE FL#
O METAL FL#
O MODIFIED BITUMEN FL#
O TORCH DOWN FL#
OINSULATED FL#
O TILE FL#
O OTHER: FL#
City of Sanford
Building and Fire Prevention
RESIDENTIAL RE -ROOF INSPECTION AFFIDAVIT
NAILING, SHEATHING, DRY -IN, FLASHING, AND ALL FINAL ROOF COVERINGS
PERMIT #: I 37i ADDRESS: (/q Ce(Qd(%g&)jWjL &C,
I f,- I( C-/ /l mr14 1 C/ , AS A(N) GENERAL, BUILDING, RESIDENTIAL, OR
R CTOR GINEER, ARCHITECT, OF F.S. CHAPTER 468 BUILDING INSPECTOR, I HEREBY AFFIRM, THAT ALL OF THE
F ING INFORMATION IS TRUE AND ACCURATE AND THAT ALL ROOFING COMPONENTS LISTED ON THE SCOPE OF WORK AT THE
ABOVE REFERENCED ADDRESS HAVE BEEN INSTALLED IN ACCORDANCE WITH THEIR PRODUCT APPROVALS AND ALL APPLICABLE CODE
REQUIREMENTS - SPECIFICALLY FLORIDA BUILDING CODE, EXISTING BUILDING. IN ADDITION I CERTIFY THE INSTALLATION MEETS ALL
REQUIREMENTS FOR SECONDARY WATER BARRIER AND NAILING OF THE ROOF DECK, IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE HURRICANE RETROFIT
MANUAL REQUIREMENTS (BASED ON F.S. CHAPTER 553.844).
LICENSE #: ! rc
COMPANY / CONTRACTOR:
CONTRACTOR SIGNATURE:
MUST BE SIGNED BY LICE
5 3
DATE:
N2
SE
HOLDER OR Oka, E R A
FINAL ROOF INSPECTION IS REQUIRED: THIS
SIGNED AND NOTARIZED AFFIDAVIT MUST BE PROVIDED AT THE JOB SITE AT THE TIME OF THE FINAL ROOF INSPECTION, ALONG
WITH DIGITAL PHOTOGRAPHS OF EACH PLANE OF THE ROOF SHOWING IN DETAIL ALL COMPONENTS (DECKING, UNDERLAYMENT,
FLASHING, DRIP EDGE ATTACHMENT) WITH THE PERMIT NUMBER OR ADDRESS CLEARLY MARKED ON THE DECK FOR
EACH INSPECTION. THE PHOTOGRAPHS MUST INCLUDE A RULER OR MEASURING DEVICE TO CONFIRM ALL NAIL SPACING AND OVERLAPS,
INCLUDING DRIP EDGE AND VALLEY FLASHING. PLEASE REFER TO THE RE -ROOF POLICY AND INSPECTION PROCEDURE PAPERWORK
FOR FURTHER EXPLANATION OF ALL REQUIREMENTS. FAILURE
TO FOLLOW ALL REQUIREMENTS WILL RESULT IN A FAILED INSPECTION, A RE -INSPECTION FEE AS WELL
AS REQUIRING A DESIGN PROFESSIONAL (ARCHITECT OR ENGINEER) TO CERTIFY, BASED ON PERSONAL INSPECTION,
THE INSTALLATION OF ALL ROOFING COMPONENTS. STATE
OF FLORIDA COUNTY OF <'Aealk, golie_ Sworn
to and Subscribed r
before
me this 7-0 day of /OO f/ 20 by: Who
is 914rsonally Known to me or has Produced (type of identifi,
eZox I as identification. CLINT
ROTH Signature
of Ngeary Public' _ MY COMMISSION # FF213209 State
of Florida C FtI . " I EXPIRES
March 24, 2019 Print/
Type/Stamp Name of
Notary Public