110 Quail Ridge Ct - BR18-003623 - REROOFCITY OF
SkNFORD
FIRE DEPARTMENT
Job Addre
Parcel ID:
Type of Wi
9- 23(8
Building & Fire Prevention Division
PERMIT APPLICATION
Application No: 18- 3C0 3
Documented Construction Value: $ 1 10Q0
t mil- Historic District: Yes[]Nt Q
ResidentiaIRVCommercial
Alteration Repair Demo Change of UseD Move
Description of Work: r e- r rpn- '2al SCI L-t Cjro_c Ct-1- (4 ,I a pitC h
Plan Review Contact Person: tl i l l i ca rt Harris 0 Title: Admin
Phone: 4079603810 Fax: Email: totalhome@gmail.com
Property -Owner Information J1 I oil
Name Phone:
Sheet: 1 I Q n LA i 1 { i sise Ct Resident of property?
City, State Zip: S013fi r , -' L SP -1 -U
Contractor Information
Name Robert Donovan
Street: 201 W SR 434 Ste A
City, State Zip: Winter Springs, FL 32708
Name:
Street:
City, St, Zip:
Phone: 407-960-3810
Fax:
State License No.: CCC1330489
Architect/Engineer Information
Phone:
Fax:
E-mail:
Bonding Company: Mortgage Lender:
Address: Address:
WARNING TO OWNER: YOUR FAILURE TO RECORD A NOTICE OF COMMENCEMENT MAY RESULT IN YOUR
PAYING TWICE FOR IMPROVEMENTS TO YOUR PROPERTY. A NOTICE OF COMMENCEMENT MUST BE
RECORDED AND POSTED ON THE JOB SITE BEFORE THE FIRST INSPECTION. IF YOU INTEND TO OBTAIN
FINANCING, CONSULT WITH YOUR LENDER OR AN ATTORNEY BEFORE RECORDING YOUR NOTICE OF
COMMENCEMENT.
Application is hereby made to obtain a permit to do the work and installations as indicated. 1 certify that no work or installation has
commenced prior to the issuance of a permit and that all work will be performed to meet standards of all laws regulating construction
in this jurisdiction. I understand that a separate permit must be secured for electrical work, plumbing, signs, wells, pools, furnaces, boilers, beaters, tanks, and air conditioners, etc.
FBC 105.3 Shall be Inscribed with the date of application and the code in effect as of that date: 61h Edition (2017) Florida Building Code
Revised: January 1, 2018 Pemoit Application
Grant Matoy, Clerk ;Of The Circuit Court & Comptroller Seminole County, FL
Inst #2018097523 Book:9198 Page:437; (1 PAGES) RCD: 8/23/2018 10:24:59 AM
REC FEE $10.00 i
Permit Number.
Follo/Parcel Identification Number.
Prepared by. TOTAL HOME ROOFING
dIQ1 W ST. RD 434 Winter Springs, FL 32708 ; unit
Return to: TOTAL HOME ROOFING
001?4 ST. RD 434 Winter Springs, FL 32708 u irk
NOTICE OF COMMENCEMENT
State of Florida, County ofscmlrww
The undersigned hereby gives:rotice that Improvement will be made to certain real property, and in accordance,
with Chapter 713, Flprida Statutes, the following information is provided in this Notic is of Commencement.
1. Description of propQrty legal descri t' n of the _pro p rty, and street address if available)
fir f?I-r.-1 ' ri_ 3'Z•I •
2. General describtlon of la ro ement
3. Owner Injp ma4ion or Levee Irtformayon If the Lessee contracted for the Improvement
Name and address of fee simple titlehbfder (if different from Owner listed above)
Name
Address
4. Contractor
I
5. Surety (If ap I ble, a copy of the payment bond is attached)
Name Telephone Number
Address Amount of Bond• $
6. Lender '
Name Telephone Number
Address
7. Persons within the State of Florida designated by Owner upon whom notices or other documents may
be served as provided by §713.13(1)(a)7, Florida Statutes.
Name Telephone Number
Address
S. In addition to himself or herself, Owner designates the following to receive a copy of the Lienor's
Notice as provided In §713.13(1)(b), Florida Statutes.
Name Telephone, Number
Address
9. Expiration date of notice of commencement (the expiration date may not be before the completion of
construction and final payment to the contractor, but will be 1 year from the date of recording unless a
different date is specified)
WARNING TO OWNER: ANY PAYMENTS MADE BY THE OWNER AFTER THE EXPIRATION OF THE NOTICE OF COMMENCEMENT
ARE CONSIDERED IMPROPER PAYMENTS UNDER CHAPTER 713, PART 4 SECTION 713.13, FLORIDA STATUTES, AND CAN
RESULT IN YOUR PAYING TWICE FOR IMPROVEMENTS TO YOUR PRbPERTY. A NOTICE OF COMMENCEMENT MUST BE
RECORDED AND POSTED ON THE JOB SITE BEFORE 7' IE FIRST INSPECTION. IF YOU INTEND TO OBTAIN FINANCING, CONSULT
WITH YOUR LENDER OR AN ATTORNEY BEFORE COMMENCING WORK OR RECORDING YOUR NOTICE OF COMMENCEMENT.
Under penalty of perjury, I declare that I have read the foregoing notice of commencement and that the
facts stated in It are true to the best of my knct*ledge and belief.
OWNER
Signature of Owner or Lessee, or is or Lessee's Authorize cerlDlrectodPonmrrManager Slgnaloys TitlefOAioe s
The foregoing Instrument was acknowledged before me this A day of___ by Made( {i(91 JlQ i
monv4 r name of person
as OWNER for SELF
T of authofty , trustee, at n fad Name of party on behalf of whom instrument was executed C
ofFlorida Print. Wtc t
Pers ally Known OR Produced ID XX sloglrol9fiana 4, • . : ,.. ro
Type of ID Produced FLDL
11
NOTICE: In addition to the requirements of this permit, there may be additional restrictions applicable to this property that may be
found in the public records of this county, and there may be additional permits required from other governmental entities such as water
management districts, state agencies, or federal agencies.
Acceptance ofpermit is verification that I will notify the owner ofthe property ofthe requirements ofFlorida Lien Law, FS 713.
The City of Sanford requires payment of a plan review fee at the time ofpermit submittal. A copy of the executed contract is required
in order to calculate a plan review charge and will be considered the estimated construction value of the job at the time of submittal.
The actual construction value will be figured based on the current ICC Valuation Table in effect at the time the permit is issued, in
accordance with local ordinance. Should calculated charges figured off the executed contract exceed the actual construction value,
credit will be applied to your permit fees when the permit is issued.
OWNER'S AFFIDAVIT: I certify that all of the foregoing information is accurate and that all work will
be done in compliance with all applicable laws regulating construction and zoning.
i/iC rcie l ow a rl ) T
Signature of Owner/Agent Date l Signn nuactor/Agent Date
n n , 1
Print Owner/Agent's Name Print
Z4 v'
Signature
1?,
EMILYSGUNNOY
Notary Public State of Florida * * COfmtdselon SGG221750CraigAHancockm
My Commisswn GG 224002 A 8May 24, 2022
or ExWres 09/01/2022 ''oFad Sw*dTlNaeW9dm*tWSwdW5
Owner/Agent is Contractor/Agent is —)L Personally Known to Me orProducedID - ><, Type of ID FL OL_ Produced ID Type of ID
BELOW IS FOR OFFICE USE ONLY
Permits Required: Building Electrical Mechanical Plumbing[] Gas Roof
Construction Type: Occupancy Use:
Total Sq Ft of Bldg:
Flood Zone:
Min. Occupancy Load: # of Stories:
New Construction: Electric - # of Amps Plumbing - # of Fixtures
Fire Sprinkler Permit: Yes IVo # of Heads Ftre Alarm Permit: Yes No
APPROVALS: ZONING:
ENGINEERING:
COMMENTS:
UTILITIES: WASTE WATER:
FIRE: BUILDING:
Revised: January 1, 2018 Permit Application
CITY OF
S,, FORD Bid1ding & Fire Prevention Division
FIRE DEPARTMENT Re -Roof Permit Card
Q .
PERMIT NO. 19-3415 ISSUE DATE: p IS
CONTRACTOR: [ game ;;4w—ps Mq
9
JOB ADDRESS: I tC) 004"1 iAqe Ot
TYPE OF WORK: Rea- Is;;; w: les
PROTECT FROM WEATH R
Post this Permit and all required documents in a conspicuous place outside
Digital Photographs are required - please follow re -roof policy and procedures guide
All trash, debris and dumpsters must be removed from job site at final inspection
Permit expires six (6) months from date of issue
ROOF
INSPECTION TYPE APPROVED REJECTED INSPECTOR
FINAL ROOF L— I T
FAILURE TO FOLLOW TILE RESIDENTIAL RE -ROOF POLICY & PROCEDURES WILL RESULT IN A FAILED INSPECTION, A RE -INSPECTION
FEE AND MAY REQUIRE AN AFFIDAVIT, SIGNED AND SEALED, FROM A REGISTERED FLORIDA DESIGN PROFESSIONAL
WARNING TO OWNER: YOUR FAILURE TO RECORD A NOTICE OF COMMENCEMENT MAY
RESULT IN YOUR PAYING TWICE FOR IMPROVEMENTS TO YOUR PROPERTY. A NOTICE OF
COMMENCEMENT MUST BE RECORDED AND POSTED ON THE JOB SITE BEFORE THE FIRST
INSPECTION. IF YOU INTEND TO OBTAIN FINANCING, CONSULT WITH YOUR LENDER OR AN
ATTORNEY BEFORE RECORDING YOUR NOTICE OF COMMENCEMENT.
NOTICE: IN ADDITION TO THE REQUIREMENTS OF THIS PERMIT. THERE MAY BE ADDITIONAL RESTRICTIONS APPLICABLE TO THIS PROPERTY 7HRT MAYBE FOUND IN THEPUBLICRECORDSOFTHISCOUNTY. ANDTHEREMAYBE ADDITIONAL PERMITS REQUIRED FROM OTHER GOVERNMENTAL ENTITIES SUCHAS WATER MANAGEMENT DISTRICTS.
STATE AGENCIES. ORFEDERAL AGENCIES. FBC 105.3.3
EVISED: 4-17' Inspection Line 407.792.6069 or 855.541.2122
FIRE INSPECTIONS CITY OF SANFORD
407.562,2786 BUILDING & FIRE PREVENTION
BUILDING INSPECTIONS ;00 N PARK AVE
855.541.2112 SANFORD FL 32771
DRIVEWAYS -SIDEWALK 407.688.5080
Page 2
Application Number . . . . . 18-00003623 Date 8/23/18
Property Address . . . . . . 110 QUAIL RIDGE CT
Parcel Number . . . . . . . . 32.19.30.5GS-0000-06A0
Application description . . . ROOFING APPLICATION
Subdivision Name . . . . . . KAYWOOD REPLAT
Property Zoning . . . . . . . SINGLE FAMILY
Permit . . . . . . RESIDENTIAL ROOFING PERMIT
Additional desc . .
Phone Access Code 1073519
Permit pin number 1073519
Required Inspections
Phone Insp
Seq Insp# Code Description Initials Date
1000 111 BL03 FINAL ROOF
CITY OF SANFORD
CUSTOMER RECEIPT ***
wer: IDate: B8/23/18 81 ReceiptLANDAType: Cno: 182256
Year Number Amount20183623
110 QUAIL RIDGE CT
SANFORD, FL 32771
BP BUILDING PERMIT RECEIPTS
179.73
AC 01626
Tender detail
CC CREDIT CARD $179.73Totaltendered $179.73Totalpayment $179.73
Trans date: 8/23/18 Time: 16:31:33
I
CITY OF
SANFORD Building &Fire Prevention DivisionRESIDENTIALREROOFPOLICY & PROCEDURES
FIRE DEPARTMENT
PERMITTING REQUIREMENTS - NO PLAN REVIEW REQUIRED
THIS DOCUMENT (SIGNED) ALONG WITH AN ACCURATE AND COMPLETED RESIDENTIAL RE -ROOF SCOPE OF WORK ARE
REQUIRED TO BE SUBMITTED AS PART OF YOUR PERMIT APPLICATION.
THE SCOPE OF WORK MUST INCLUDE ALL APPLICABLE FLORIDA PRODUCT APPROVAL NUMBERS FOR ALL ROOF
COMPONENTS THAT WILL BE INSTALLED ON THE PROJECT.
A PERMIT WILL NOT BE ISSUED WITHOUT THESE DOCUMENTS. COPIES WILL BE MADE TO POST ON THE JOB SITE.
PROJECTS LOCATED IN THE SANFORD HISTORIC DISTRICT WILL REQUIRE PLAN REVIEW AND APPROVAL BY THE
SANFORD HISTORIC PRESERVATION BOARD
INSPECTION POLICY & PROCEDURES
A FINAL ROOF INSPECTION IS THE ONLY INSPECTION REQUIRED FOR RESIDENTIAL (SINGLE FAMILY, TOWNHOUSE,
MOBILE HOME, APARTMENT AND/OR CONDOMINIUM) RE -ROOF PERMITS.
THE FOLLOWING IS REQUIRED TO BE PROVIDE ON THE JOB SITE:
PERMIT CARD, POSTED IN A CONSPICUOUS AND WEATHERPROOF LOCATION
COMPLETED RESIDENTIAL RE -ROOF SCOPE OF WORK
COMPLETED AND NOTARIZED INSPECTION AFFIDAVIT
ALL FLORIDA PRODUCT APPROVAL AND CORRESPONDING INSTALLATION INSTRUCTIONS
PRODUCT APPROVAL SHALL MATCH WHAT IS ON THE SCOPE OF WORK)
DIGITAL PHOTOGRAPHS (MUST INCLUDE THE PERMIT NUMBER OR ADDRESS IN EACH PICTURE)
o EACH PLANE OF THE ROOF, SHOWING THE UNDERLAYMENT INSTALLED
o ROOF DECK NAILING PATTERN & SPACING (INCLUDING A MEASURING DEVICE OR RULER)
o ROOF DECK NAILS USED (INCLUDING A MEASURING DEVICE OR RULER SHOWING SIZE OF NAILS)
o UNDERLAYMENT PATTERN & SPACING (INCLUDING A MEASURING DEVICE OR RULER)
O DRIP EDGE& VALLEY ATTACHMENT (INCLUDING A MEASURING DEVICE OR RULER)
O SHINGLES INSTALLED, NAIL PATTERN AND LOCATION OF NAILS
SKYLIGHTS (IF APPLICABLE)
o DIGITAL PHOTOGRAPHS SHOWING ALL INSTALLATION COMPONENTS, PER FL PRODUCT APPROVAL
o DIGITAL PHOTOGRAPHS SHOWING ALL REQUIRED FLASHING, PER FL PRODUCT APPROVAL
FAILURE TO FOLLOW THESE SPECIFIC GUIDELINES WILL RESULT IN AN AFFIDAVIT PROVIDED BY A FLORIDA DESIGN
PROFESSIONAL (ARCHTTECT OR ENGINEER), CERTIFYING FBC CODE COMPLIANCE BY PERSONAL INSPECTION.
CONTRACTOR (OR OWNER/BUILDER) SIGNATURE: DATE:
CITY OF
SkNFORD PERMIT # 2 3
Building & Fire Prevention Division
FIRE DEPARTMENT RESIDENTIAL RE -ROOF SCOPE OF WORK
JOB ADDRESS: (Q U j ( Qidge- CA
STRUCTURE TYPE: ® SINGLE FAMILY RESIDENCE/TOWNHOUSE O MOBILE HOME O APARTMENT/CONDOMINIUM
RE -ROOF TYPE: REPLACEMENT (TEAR OFF EXISTING ROOF AND REPLACE WITH NEW COMPONENTS) 8 RE-COVER (NEW ROOF INSTALLED OVER EXISTING ROOF)
DECK TYPE (PLEASE SPECIFY): 1102 G D X
PLEASE NOTE: ONLY 100 SQUARE FEET OF TILE EXISTING DECK IS PERMITTED TO BE REPLACED **
ROOF VENTILATION: OOFF-RIDGE ® RIDGE OSOFFIT OPOWERED VENT OTURBINES
SKYLIGHTS: O YES D NO IF YES, PLEASE PROVIDE FLORIDA PRODUCT APPROVAL #:
MAIN ROOF AREA
ROOF SLOPE: O LESS THAN 2:12 ® 2:12 - 4:12 O 4:12 OR GREATER
TYPE OF ROOF MANUFACTURER FLORIDA PRODUCT APPROVAL
SHINGLEOwens in FL# -
O METAL FL#
OMODIFIED Bn UMEN FL#
OTORCH DOWN FL#
OINSULATED FL#
OTILE FL#
O OTHER: FL#
ROOF EXTENSIONS (PORCHES. PATIOS. ETC.) **IFAPPLICABLE**
ROOF SLOPE: O LESS THAN 2:12 O 2:12 - 4:12 O 4:12 OR GREATER
TYPE OF ROOF MANUFACTURER FLORIDA PRODUCT APPROVAL
O SHINGLE FL#
O METAL FL#
OMODIFIED BM MEN FL#
OTORCH DOWN FL#
OINSULATED FL#
O TELE FL#
0 OTHER: FL#
SH N IN ES IMATE
BREVARD COUNTY OFFICE
f. 321-452-9223
Q1 ORANGE & SEMINOLE COUNTY OFFICE
407-960-3810TOTALHOME
VOLUSIA COUNTY OFFICE
386-233-3244
NAME: ) I 1 DATE VQ /161r WI LT
STREET: { 1 QlAA11 Rt Gl111
CCC2330489
CITY/STATE/ZIP: tSa'
r'
Tar P71HOMEPHONE:
CELL PHONE: (qC
EMAIL: ll /7)383--8888
DESCR P.TION IAMOUNT
9 1 a •SROOFDueCaretakentoprotecthomeexterior, shrubs and landscaping.
Includes labor to remove existing roof and haul off. I011
Includes Dumpster. Roll off dumpster for paver driveways.
IncludesInspecting deck fordamage and renallingto code with8Dring shank nails.
Includes saving gutters, soffit, fascia on existing home (some damage may occur in construction).
includesreplacing ridgevents. ' 4PubIncludesreplacingexistingdripedgeInchoiceofcolor. DRIP EDGE COLOR INT
Includes 1 1/4' roofing collated nails.
Includes Installing new shingles In choice ofcolor. SHINGLE COLOR +^'rTuroy' INT
Includes replacing alllead boots and goose vents (does not Include gas related vents).
Includes new galvanized metal In all valleys.
Ridge Cap Code. Includes Starter Shingle and per
Includes obtainingandposting permit withlocaljurisdiction.
Includes magneticallysweepingjobsite, cleaningout guttersand haulingawaydebris.
Ts
MATERIAL ARCHITECTURALASPHALTLIFETIME SHINGLES OtJeAS cof")yu- :wrtl l6 130MPH UNDERLAY
MEW ,FOES%5 f ! I'
tGlua) MISCi
C) - a xa AArr;cA%l%e RoArg &jv 6s 5 k 1- h+s INCLUDES
LABOR AND DUMPSTER T/O REMOVE I LAYER(S) OF SHINGLES. ADDITIONAL
LAYERS WILLCOSTS / —56 PERLAY /ADDITIONALLAYERS INT Deteriorated existing
decking replaced at S Det1Yr Sheet of plywood (a 1y•• Deteriorated existing
decking replaced atS perlinear ft. WOOD ACKNOWLEDGMENT INT Does not
includepainting to match Does not
include any stucco repairs where deteriorated Rashing had to be replaced. WARRANTIES 4111%
0*114- Worry -Free
Platinum 15 yr all inclusive _.i—IU AV ro//$
norokcarryo7VeerwwkronsMiswonanVOUI tCr V1 CLMOMERWANES
INTERIORDAMAGEPRE -INSPECTION. Wuomer Uddab 11.r Anyinterior
damage which occurs during construction will not be covered INCLUDES NEW
WIND MITIGATION INSPECTION TOTAL EASY FINANCING
OPTIONS 8 75' Monthly Payment
9.90%
APR S oC 12 months
NO INTEREST S 96 /. 7 Throuph Wells
rorpo Bonk with oDDroved credit. nnandnp must
becomplete priortto a/proprt. CUSTOMER SIGNATURE
DATE T HOM DPA I HAVE
READ AND UNDERSTAND THIS PROPOSAL, THE TERMS AND CONDIRIONS, AND ALL DOCUMEWAR64ENCED THEREIN AND AGREE TO BE BOUND BY THEIR TERMS. ACCEPTANCE
OF
PROPOSAL, The stove prices, their specifications and conditions are satisfactory and are hearby accepted. Contractor is authorised to do thework as specified. By
signing Customer acknowledges that Customer is owner of the property where work Is to be performed. ALL PAYMENTS
ARE DUE UPON COMPLETION OF THE PROJECT. Any delay
In payments may result In 1.5%interest per 30 days. WindMitigations
are not considered pan of the project but offered as a service to our customers through a third parry certified licensed Inspection company and shall not be
used as reason for any delay of final payment. This agreement
constitutes the entire contract by and between contractor and owner and parties are not bound by oral expressions or representatlon by any parry or agent of
either party.
CITY OF
SkNFORD Building &Fire Prevention Division
RESIDENTIAL RE -ROOF AFFIDA VIT
FIRE DEPARTMENT
RESIDENTIAL RE -ROOF INSPECTION AFFIDAVIT
NAILIING, SHEATHING, DRY -IN, FLASHING, AND ALL FINAL ROOF COVERINGS
PERMIT #: V 3c a3 ADDRESS: 1 1 0 Q U Qj I Q jCjQQ C-t
S CMEOy d, FL 3a-7-71
I 1_!% er t f) an Ivan , AS A(N) GENERAL, BUILDING, RESIDENTIAL, OR
ROOFING CONTRACTOR, ENGINEER, ARCHITECT, OF F.S. CHAPTER 468 BUILDING INSPECTOR, I HEREBY AFFIRM, THAT ALL OF THE
FOREGOING INFORMATION IS TRUE AND ACCURATE AND THAT ALL ROOFING COMPONENTS LISTED ON THE SCOPE OF WORK AT THE
ABOVE REFERENCED ADDRESS HAVE BEEN INSTALLED IN ACCORDANCE WITH THEIR PRODUCT APPROVALS AND ALL APPLICABLE CODE
REQUIREMENTS — SPECIFICALLY FLORIDA BUILDING CODE, EXISTING BUILDING. IN ADDITION I CERTIFY THE INSTALLATION MEETS ALL
REQUIREMENTS FOR SECONDARY WATER BARRIER AND NAILING OF THE ROOF DECK, IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE HURRICANE RETROFIT
MANUAL REQUIREMENTS (BASED ON F.S. CHAPTER 553.844).
LICENSE #: CIO G 193 ON 8q
COMPANY / CONTRACTOR:
CONTRACTOR SIGNATURE:
MUST BE SIGNED BY LICEI`
A FINAL ROOF INSPECTION IS REQUIRED:
ovan
DATE: Q / 1 % ./ 1 8
THIS SIGNED AND NOTARIZED AFFIDAVIT MUST BE PROVIDED AT THE JOB SITE AT THE TIME OF THE FINAL ROOF INSPECTION,
ALONG WITH DIGITAL PHOTOGRAPHS OF EACH PLANE OF THE ROOFSHOWING IN DETAIL ALL COMPONENTS (DECKING,
UNDERLAYMENT, FLASHING, DRIP EDGE ATTACHMENT) WITH THE PERMIT NUMBER OR ADDRESS CLEARLY MARKED ON THE DECK
FOR EACH INSPECTION. THE PHOTOGRAPHS MUST INCLUDE A RULER OR MEASURING DEVICE TO CONFIRM ALL NAIL SPACING AND
OVERLAPS, INCLUDING DRIP EDGE AND VALLEY FLASHING. PLEASE REFER TO THE RE -ROOF POLICY AND INSPECTION PROCEDURE
PAPERWORK FOR FURTHER EXPLANATION OF ALL REQUIREMENTS.
FAILURE TO FOLLOW ALL REQUIREMENTS WILL RESULT IN A FAILED INSPECTION, A RE -INSPECTION FEE AS
WELL AS REQUIRING A DESIGN PROFESSIONAL (ARCHITECT OR ENGINEER) TO CERTIFY, BASED ON PERSONAL
INSPECTION, THE INSTALLATION OF ALL ROOFING COMPONENTS.
STATE OF FLORIDA COUNTY OF S-e m Inale, , 30 f(n
Sworn to andSubscribedbefore me this Z day of 52y lember 20 18 by: Who
is XPersonally Known to me or has 0 Produced (type of I
identi
cation) as identification. f1111111II 24 '
101 N
Signature
oftNotark6abli State
of Florl EM
1 1 ( Y'11r1014 ace u,>so Print/
Type/ St ampName 9•-9a odeAtho oey. 40 i,•
otery5;0 of
Notary Public