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827-US Domin RegistryJohn Stuart From: TO: CC: Sent: Subject: "US Domain Registration" <usdomreg@lSI.EDU> <stuartj(~crosswinds,net> <usdomreg(~lSI .EDU> Monday, July 31, 2000 7:08 PM Delegated US Domains Page 1 of 1 AUG :,2 The appended list of subdomain(s) that you requested have been delegated to you. This should be effective within 24 hours. The RWHOIS information is not updated immediately; it will take additional time. Rwhois service is purely informational, and does not affect the operation of the name service. To check if the domain has been correctly delegated to your nameservers, use the freely available 'dig' or 'nslookup' programs. NOTE: Rwhois data is maintained for 3rd level domains (oxnard.ca.us); it is not maintained for 4th level domains (police.oxnard.ca.us). If the rwhois query shows "Not Found", this does not mean the domain does not existing. As above, use either 'dig' or 'nslookup' program to confirm if the domain name exists. US Domain Registrar +=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+= ci.sanford.~.us. 8/1/2000 300 N. Park Ave., Sanford, FL 32771 (407) 330-5610 City of Sanford, Florida Fax To: US Domain Registry Fax: (310) 823-6714 Phone: (407) 330-5610 Re: Request for Domain name: d.sanford.~.us CC: [] Urgent X For Review [] Please Comment From: City of Sanford Pages: 8 including cover page Date: 07/25/00 Donna Watt, John Stuart [] Please Reply [] Please Recycle · Request for Domain name: Ci. sanford .ft. us o The following 7 pages are the required initialed and signed document concerning our request. AGREEMENT TO ADMINISTER THE US DOMAIN (fill in fully-qualified domain name) ci.sanford .~.us. Please note that all .us domain names are held in stewardship and administered for the public good; the domains are licensed for use and are not owned. Delegations may be terminated at any time for failure to comply with US Domain policies and procedures. The concerns should be "responsibilities" and "stewardship", not "rights" and "ownership". [/~ [,/~] (1) It is required that every applicant for the delegation (or redeleg~tion) of a locality name have the written agreement of the legitimate government of that locality in order for the applicant to manage the domain name of that locality. Evidence of such an agreement does not need to be presented at the time of delegation (except that the ADMINISTRATIVE CONTACT WITH THE US DOMAIN REGISTRY MUST BE, AND MUST REMAIN, A REPRESENTATIVE OF THE SUBJECT GOVERNMENT ENTITY). However, if the delegation is later challenged or contested, the manager of the locality domain must produce the agreement. Failure to do so will most likely result in the transfer of the management of the locality domain to another~m.anager that does have such an agreement. If there is a dispute as to who is the legitimate government for a locality and who may act for it, the league of cities or association of municipalities for the subject state (as recognized by the National League of Cities) may be asked to assist in resolving the dispute. In some places there are overlapping jurisdictions with the same name (for example, the city of Los Angeles and the county of Los Angeles). In such cases, the higher level government should have priority for the locality name (and both city and county domains can be delegated). [ ] [~-,' .] (2) Disputes concerning use of any domain name within the the [~S Do~ain shall be resolved through our domain name dispute policy, current version of which may be found at http:llwww.icann.or.qludrpludrp-policy-24oct99.htm. Please take the time to familiarize yourself with that policy. [ ~] [~.,,~] (3) You must follow the guidelines of the US Domain Regist . You are responsible for knowing, and agree to conduct operations consistent with, the contents of RFCs 1480 and 1591, as supplemented by the rules and procedures on the US Domain web site at http:llwww.nic. usl and the instructions attached to the US Domain template, and as they may be amended from time to time. [ ~J [~. ] (4) You agree that the US Domain Registry, in its sole discre~t~n, may modify its rules, procedures, guidelines and policies from time to time, including our domain name dispute policy. We will attempt to post any such modification on the US Domain web site at least thirty (30) calendar days before it becomes effective. You agree that, by maintaining the delegation covered by this agreement after the effective date of any such modifications become effective, you have agreed to these modifications. You acknowledge that if you do not agree to any such modification, you may terminate this agreement and surrender the delegated domain. [~-~ [.~.] (5) Nameservers for the requested domain name must be and runnitS. There is no reservation of .us domain names. In addition, up the two nameservers must be on separate networks. This is necessary for the stability of the domain delegated to you, as well as for the US Domain namespace. ~.][,Z~n (6) You must allow us to do zone transfers. Please turn on, and m tain, the ability for the hosts at ISI (128.9.160.x) to do zone transfers from your servers. This is necessary for trouble-shooting and maintenance. o [~ [,v~. ] (7) In some cases during delegation, we may ask you to add subde'/e~gation records from our zone file to yours. We expect this to be done within a week after receiving the records. [~,~[,~.] (8) Managing a .us domain is a public service. Applicants are nor't'~equired to use your service and all applicants must be treated fairly and equitably. No products or services can be required. Small, reasonable fees may be charged. [ma~nn[e~] (9) All applicants' requests must be processed in a timely [~[~./~. ] (10) You must notify the US Domain Registry immediately of any ch'~nges in your delegated domain (nameservers, contact people, or contact information). We cannot be held responsible for problems or delays with your delegated domain if we do not always hold current information. [).~Y} [~/. ] (11 ) If there is recurring neglect, or repeated violation of this~a/greement or any of the US Domain rules, procedures, or guidelines, in administering the delegated domain, the US Domain Registry reserves the right to terminate the delegation. Bankruptcy or acquisition of an ISP terminates this agreement. [ [~.] (12) Locality names are based on the United States Postal [e~Nic2ZIP code directory. Please remember, names are in the form: <host-name>.<locality>.<state-code>.US pet-ville.tacoma.wa.us Local governments (and their departments and offices) are registered under the locality, with a designator of CI for city, or CO for county governments (etc) in the form: <dept>.ci.phoenix.az.us or <dept>.co.ventura.ca.us Individuals, businesses, and organizations are registered under the locality directly. For example: mary-smith. redondo-beach. ca. us joes-pizza. dayton .oh. us 4-hclub.butte.mt.us [~_[.,(~.] (13) Your rights under this agreement are hot assigE~r~ble. Any attempt by you to assign your rights shall render this agreement voidable at our option. Any attempt by your creditors to obtain an interest in your rights under this agreement or the subject domain, whether by attachment, garnishment or otherwise, shall render this agreement voidable at our option. , ] [~/~ ] (14) You agree that this agreement and any disputes conflict of laws rules. [~[.,/~.] (15) Except for disputes concerning or arising from your settled by arbitration held in Los Angeles, California, U.S.A., in accordance with the Commercial Arbitration Rules of the American Arbitration Association ("AAA"). The parties shall agree upon a single arbitrator; if the parties are unable to so agree, the arbitrator will be selected by the AAA. The decision of the arbitrator shall be final and binding upon the parties thereto. Judgment upon the award determined by the arbitrator(s) shall be entered in state or federal court in Los Angeles, California, U.S.A. The parties hereto hereby submit to the exclusive jurisdiction of the court so selected, to the exclusion of any other court which might have had jurisdiction apart from this agreement, waive any defense of lack of in personam jurisdiction of such courts and agree that service of process in any action before such court may be made by electronic or U.S. mail to the party to be served at that party's last known address. The prevailing party shall be entitled to recover from the nonprevailing party reasonable costs and expenses, including without limitation reasonable attorneys' fees. Indicate your agreement with the above by having each contact initial a box for items one through fifteen plus signing and adding each contact's printed name, title, address and date, and attaching the template along with your reply for processing. The signatories below represent that they are fully authorized to bind the applicant hereunder to the provisions of this agreement. DISCLAIMER AND INDEMNIFICATION The US Domain Registry and the University of Southern California, including the Information Sciences Institute, are accepting in good faith (without conducting any investigation) that you have the right to the use the name covered by the above agreeme~t~. Our function in registering names on the Internet is to assure that the name does not conflict with any other name in the name space requested. We do not undertake to investigate possible conflicts with trademarks, trade names, service marks or related rights. WE EXPRESSLY DISCLAIM ALL WARRANTIES OF ANY KIND, WHETHER EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERGHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTIGULAR PURPOSE AND NON- INFRINGEMENT. The parties requesting registration of the subject name represent that to the best of their knowledge neither the delegation nor the-intended use of such name will directly or indirectly infringe the legal rights of a third party. In consideration of the delegation and use of the name covered by the above agreement, the applicant agrees to indemnify and hold harmless the US Domain Registry and the University of Southern California, including the Information Sciences Institute, from and against any and all claims, demands, causes of action, damages, costs, fees and expenses arising from or related to (1) any breach by the applicant of any of the representations, warranties, covenants or agreements of the applicant set forth in the foregoing agreement or (2) any claim that the applicant's use of the subject name infringes upon or dilutes the trademark, trade name, service mark, personal name or other identification of a third party, constitutes cybersquatting or otherwise adversely affects the intellectual property or other proprietary rights of a third party. Registering a domain name does not confer any legal rights to that name and any disputes between parties over the rights to use a particular name are to be settled between the contending parties using normal legal methods (see RFC 1591 ) and our dispute policy referred to above. I understand and agree to manage this .us domain name according to all of the above policies and procedures and those on the US Domain web site at http :llwww. n ic. us/ APPLICANT The City of Sanford, Florida ADMINISTRATIVE CONTACT SIGNATURE PRINT NAME TITLE ADDRESS DATE Donna Watt Finance Director 300 N. Park Ave. 7~24~00 ADDRESS 300 N. Park Ave. DATE 7~24~00 N.B.: This message does not confirm that you will be delegated this domain. Confirmation of any delegation will be made via subsequent email messages. Policies and procedures are subject to change. Thank you for your service to the Internet community, US Domain Registry http ://www. nic. us/ Name John Stuart E-mail stuartj@crosswinds. net 1. REGISTRATION TYPE (N)ew (M)odify (D)elete..:New 2. FULLY-QUALIFIED DOMAIN NAME:ci.sanford.~.us 3. ORGANIZATION INFORMATION 3a. Organization Name .....:City of Sanford 3b. Address Line 1 ........:300 N. Park Ave. 3b. Address Line 2 ........: 3c. City ..................:Sanford 3d. State .................:Florida 3e. ZIP Code ..............:32771 > 4. DESCRIPTION OF ORGANIZATION/DOMAIN:The departments and offices of the city government of Sanford, Florida. :> 5. Date Operational ......:8/31/00 6. ADMINISTRATIVE CONTACT OF ORGANIZATION/DOMAIN 6b. Whole Name ............:Donna Watt, Finance Director 6c. Organization Name .....:City of Sanford 6d. Address Line 1 ........:300 N. Park Ave. 6d. Address Line 2 ........: 6e. City ..................:Sanford 6f. State .................:Florida 6g. ZIP Code ..............:32771 6h. Voice Phone ...........:407 330-5610 6i. Electronic Mailbox .... :sanfin@state.fl.us 7. TECHNICAL AND ZONE CONTACT 7b. Whole Name ............:John Stuart 7c. Organization Name .....:City of Sanford 7d. Address Line 1 ........:300 N. Park Ave. 7d. Address Line 2 ........: 7e. City .................. :Sanford 7f. ,State .................:Florida 7g. ZIP Code ..............:32771 7h. Voice Phone ...........:407 330-5637 7i. Electronic Mailbox .... :stuartj@crosswinds.net 7j. Registration Mailbox..:hostmaster@ci.sanford.fl.us 7k. Fax Number ............ :407 330-5666 8. PRIMARY SERVER: HOSTNAME, NETADDRESS 8j. Hostname ..............:dns.fastdnsservers.com 8k. IP Address ............:209.81.157.1 9. SECONDARY SERVER: HOSTNAME, NETADDRESS 9a. Hostname ..............:dns2.fastdsnservers.com 9b. IP Address ............:209.81.157.2 HP OfficeJet Personal Printer/Fax/Copier Fax Log Report Jul-25-00 12:35 Identification 613108236714 1.1.0 Result OK Pages 08 Type Sent Dat~ Jul-25 Time 12:33 Duration Diagnostic 00:02:43 002582030022 SITE US DOMAIN TEMPLATE Page 1 of 5 Please read the US Domain Overview and see the linked instructions before filling out this form. Web Site US Domain Template US Version: May O0 · Enter your name John Stuart · Enter your e-mail address istuartj@crosswinds.'net l~ Registration Type ® New C) Modify O Delete 2~ Fully-Qualified Domain Name 3~. Organization Information 1. Organization Name iCITY OF SANFORD 2. Address Line 1 300 N PARK AVE. 3. Address Line 2 i 4. City SANFORD 5. State IFL http ://www.nic.us/cgi-bin/template.pl 7/18/2000 , W~B SITE US DOMAIN TEMPLATE Page 2 of 5 6. ZIP Code 32771 4~. Description of OrEanization/Domain THE DEPARTMENTS AND OFFICES OF THE FLORIDA. 5_. Date Operational CITY GOVERNMENT OF SANFORD 8/1/00 Administrative Contact of Organization/Domain 1. Please leave this line blank. I 2. Whole Name IDONNA WATT 3. Organization Name ICITY OF SANFORD 4. Address Line 1 300 N PARK AVE 5. Address Line 2 I 6. City ISANFORD 7. State IFLORIDA 8. ZIP Code 32771 http z//www.nic.us/egi-bin/templa~e.pl 7/18/2000 , W~B SITE US DOMAIN TEMPLATE Page 3 of 5 9. Voice Phone I4o7 330-5610 10. Electronic Mailbox i SAN FI N@STATE. FL. U S 7~. Technical Contact for Domain 1. Please leave this line blank. I 2. Whole Name i~.°..~N ..S.T..UART ...... 3. Organization Name oF ............. 4. Address Line 1 13.0..0. N' PA..RK AVE~ .... 5. Address Line 2 6. City [SANFORD 7. State [F L O .R !. .D A ......... 8. ZIP Code 1~.277.~_ ......... 9. Voice Phone 10. Electronic Mailbox ISTUAR7 J?~.C..R. OSS.W. IND~,.N..ET ... 1 I. Registration Mailbox IHOST.MA, ST.E..R_.@C':.S._A.N. FO_..RP:FL.-U..S .... 12. Fax Number http://www. rile. us/cgi-bin/template. pl ...1 7/18/2000 ~ W~ SITE US DOMAIN TEMPLATE Page 4 of 5 8_. Primary Server Information 1. Hostname IDNS.FASTDNSSERVERS.COM 2. IP Address 209.81.157.1 9~ Secondary Server Information 1. Hostname iDNS2.FASTDNSSERVERS.COM 2. ZIP Address 209.81.157.2 DISCLAIMER AND INDEMNIFICATION The US Domain Registry and the University of Southern California, including the Information Sciences Institute, are accepting in good faith (without conducting any investigation) that you have the fight to the use the name covered by the above agreement. Our function in registering names on the Internet is to assure that the name does not conflict with any other name in the name space requested. We do not undertake to investigate possible conflicts with trademarks, trade names, service marks or related fights. WE EXPRESSLY DISCLAIM ALL WARRANTIES OF ANY KIND, WHETHER EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NON-INFRINGEMENT. The parties requesting registration of the subject name represent that to the best of their knowledge neither the delegation nor the intended use of such name will directly or indirectly infringe the legal rights of a third party. In consideration of the delegation and use of the name covered by the above agreement, the applicant agrees to indemnify and hold harmless the US Domain Registry and the University of Southern California, including the Information Sciences Institute, from and against any and all claims, demands, causes of action, damages, costs, fees and expenses arising from or related to (1) any breach by the applicant of any of the representations, warranties, covenants or agreements of the applicant set forth in the foregoing agreement or (2) any claim that the applicant's use of the subject name infringes upon or dilutes the trademark, trade name, service mark, personal name or other identification of a third party, constitutes cybersquatting or otherwise adversely affects the intellectual property or other proprietary rights of a third party. http ://www.nic.us/cgi-bin/template.pl 7/18/2000 VV~3 SITE US DOMAIN TEMPLATE Page 5 of 5 Registering a domain name does not confer any legal fights to that name and any disputes between parties over the rights to use a particular name are to be settled between the cornending parties using normal legal methods (see RFC 1591) and the Uniform Dispute Resolution Policy (UDRP). back to US Domain page http :Hwww. nic. us/cgi-bin/template. pl 7118/2000 ~ SuiiWission Results Page 1 of 1 SUBMISSION RESULTS Your application has been sent to usdomreg~isi.edu. You will receive a copy of your application by email. Your application has been added to the queue and will be processed shortly. Please wait four weeks before contacting us regarding status information. http://www.nic.us/cgi-bin/template.pl 7/18/2000 THE US DOMAIN , Text Form Registration Ternplate Documentation · RFC 1480 - The US Domain · RFC 1591 - Domain Name System Structure and Delegation · RFC 2146 - U.S. Government Internet Domain Names · Technical Bibliography Related Links * Federally Recognized Indian Tribes · United States Federal Government Registrations (,gov) · United States Military Registrations (.miD . Other Top-Level Domain Names (.corn~ .net, .org) · The Education Domain (.edu) Names · Other Country-Code Domain Names (and Ant) · Internet Domain Survey * Future Management and Administration of the US Domain Contact Information · US Domain Registry email address: usdomreg@isi. edu · US Domain Registry voicemail number: +1-310-448-8239. -' m Go to ISI's home page. Please send mail regarding any problems or suggestions about this page to The US Domain Registry. Thank you. Last modified 23-Feb-00. Copyright © 2000 University of Southern California. All rights reserved. Page 2 of 2 http ://www.nic. us/ 3/29/00 THE US DOMAIN f OFFICIAL UNITED STATES DOMAIN REGISTRY (.US) Welcome to the official US Domain Registry for the United States top-level domain of the global Internet (.us). For other top-level doma'ms, please see "Related Links". The US Domain Registry is administered by the Information Sciences Institute of the University of Southern California RFC 1480 - The US Domain. :-'-~n--~;~ ~ ~.:'~' General Information The Overview is good place to get acquainted with the US Domain procedures and naming structure. Please read the Overview before submitting any registration requests. Frequently Asked Questions · Overview · Delegation Requirements · Delegated Subdomains and their Cornacts · US Domain RWHOIS Information · How to Expedite Your Request Registration Procedures Applying for New Domains Modifying or Transfering Existing Domains Deleting Existing Domains Cost of Registration S Templates * Web Based Registration Template Page 1 of 2 http ://www .nic ,us/ 3/29/00 THE US DOMAIN OVERVIEW Page 13 of 13 localities, though some do. There is no requirement that domain names be free, only that any charges be fair and applied equally to all customers. In the past, managers provided the nameservers and registration services for localities (and other branches of the US domain) for free. Some people came forward to provide this public service, and it is very much appreciated. Many locality names in the US domain are delegated to small companies. These companies need to charge a small fee to set up and maintain the database and run the nameservers to support this service. In the current environment of the Internet, it is reasonable for locality managers to charge a small fee for domain_ name service under the US domain delegations. Each locality domain manager is responsible for setting his own fees or billing practices and deciding what is "small". For example, some of these companies are charging $10 per year. In a some instances, a domain name previously allocated by the US Domain administrator may be passed on to a new locality manager during delegation. The new administrator of the locality has to notify such name holders one year in advance before charging for those domains. ' ;2';_2';;f;;'2'f;2'~Y'7 '1 [] Go to ISI's home page, ltl ' l Go back to top of the page. Please send mail regarding arty problems or suggestions about this page to the US Domain Registry, Thank you, Last modified 25-0ct-99. http :llwww.nic. us/usdom-overview.htrnl 3/29/00 THE US DOMAIN OVERVIEW Page 12 of 13 The US Domain Registry has instailed a eliot/server RWHOIS protocol to support the US Domain WHOIS information. We request that the administrator of a subdomain of the US Domain should also operate a RWHOIS server for those subdomains under them. For more information contact us- domain@is[ edu. The data from the information you supplied on your application will be used for your WHOIS entry. Currently, we provide third-level delegations in the US Domain WHOIS database. For example: K12.IL.US would have an entry in the US WHOIS database: venera 37% whois -h whois.isi.edu k12.i1.us %RWhois V-1.0: whois.isi.edu (by InterNIC Registration Illinois K12 Schools (K12-IL-US-DOM) K12 schools in Illinois CICNet 2901 Hubbard Dr. Ann Arbor, MI 48105 Domain Name: K12.IL.US ActministratiVe Contact: Krot, Ed (EK10-US) (217) 333-7886 (FAX) krol@uiuc.edu 217-244-7089 Technical Contact: Veach, R. Ross (217) 244-4274 (RV80-US) RRV@UIUC.EDU Registration Information: hostmgr@uiuc.gen.il.us Record Last Updated on Jan-13-98. Domain servers in listed order: NS.UIUC.GEN.IL.US 192.17.6.230 NS2.OAR.NET 192.88.195.10 Services V-1.0Bg.2) The RWHOIS information is not available for fourth-level domains (example, to.san-diego.ca,us). We expect the manager of the third-level domains (example, san-diego. ca.us) to provide RWHOIS information for those domains. Please use tools such as "dig" or "nslookup" for server information about these domains. The R~vVHOIS for domains under .US is maintained by the US Domain Registry and not by the InterNIC. The WHOIS information for IP addresses and most nameservers are maintained by the InterNIC. To modify those please eraall hostmaster~internic.net. ~1~ COst: currently, there is no cost charged by the US Domain administrator for delegating a locality or other branch of the US Domain at that level. Most managers of delegated branches do not charge for registering a host in the US domain in their http://www.nic .us/usdom-overview.html 3/29/00 THE US DOMAIN OVERVIE'w Page 11 of t 3 A new policy has been added to avoid several cases of misleading, erroneous, and outright false information provided on registration applications. One situation that occurs is that one individual represents himself as several distinct companies in order to bypass some limitations on the number of delegations allowed (e.g., the 50/500 role). Another situation is with the requirement to provide a government employee as the administrative contact for a locality delegation. Some applications have been received with a government employee's contact information but that person has no idea that such an application has been submitted. Some applications provide contact information for an individual that knows what is going on but is not an employee of the locality government. Still other applications have been received where the administrative contact information is fictional. The US Domain Registrar may choose to verify any or all of the information on registration applications (including the administrative contact) and if it is determined that the an application contains false or substantially misleading information that application may be denied, or if already acted on the delegation may be revoked, and in either ease all other delegations made to the party submitting the false or misleading application may also be revoked. Delegation of the Special Domains The special domains (K12, CC, TEC, LIB, MUS, STATE, DST, COG and GEN) under each state are established for special purposes (defined in RFC 1480 ). In addition to the constraint to use them only for the defined purpose, each of these special domains is also delegated only to a manager within the state, and the operation of the delegated registry should be non-profit. The LIB and MUS domains should be managed by a govermental or educational institution. Further, it is most appropriate for the K12, CC, and TEC, domains to be managed by an educational organization (for example, a university or a department of education). The STATE domain is most appropriately managed by an agency of the state government. DST and COG should be managed by a goverment agency. The GEN domain may be delegated to a state organization that will provide the registration service for free (the purpose of GEN is to register statewide non-profit organizations). If we determine that these domains are being charged for, then all the domains delegated to that organization will be taken back. The same organization cannot have the delegation of GEN for two states. WHOIS: The InterNIC has developed the RWHOIS program which supports distributed databases of WHOIS information. This allows for the reduction of queries and referral of information to be closer to the maintainer of the information. http://www. nic. us/usdom-overview. html 3/29/00 THE US DOMAIN OVERVIEW Page 10 of 13 servers and IP addresses or inactive servers will result in dday of the registration. The subdomain administrator must accept all applicants on an equal basis and provide timely processing of requests. You must set your host computers to accept zone transfers from the US Domain Registry. The subdomain manager must notify the US Domain Registrar immediately about any changes in the name servers that should be reflected in the US Domain zone files, or changes in the administrative and technical contact information. Administrators must follow the guidelines in the current US Domain RFC and assist applicants in selecting a domain name. The contact phone number given to the US Domain Kegistrar should be answered during normal business hours. All messages received alter business hours should be answered the next working day. This is required to resolve problems either by US Domain or by the customer directly. If we receive many complaints or experience any problems ourselves in getting touch with the delegated manager the delegation may be revoked. Policy on the Number of Domains Some domain managers have taken on the responsibility for managing a large number of locality domains. To promote diversity, no single domain manager (person or company) should be responsible for more than 50 localities in one state, or 500 localities in total. Some domain managers have more 50 localities in one state. Those delegations were done prior to this rule. The above rule cannot be applied to those managers. Policy on Delegation of Locality The policy given below cannot be applied to the domains that were delegated before 1-Jut-97. For delegations (or redelegations) made after 1-Jut-97, it is assumed by the US Domain Administrator that every applicant for the delegation (or redelegation) of a locality name has the written agreement of the legitimate government for that locality for the applicant to manage the domain name of that locality. Evidence of such an agreement does not need to be presented at the time of delegation (except that the administrative contact on the application ternplate must be the government representative). However, if the delegation is later challenged or contested, the manager of the locality domain must produce the agreement. Failure to do so will most likely result in the transfer of the management of the locality domain to another manager that does have such an agreement. If there is a dispute as to who is the legitimate government for a locality and who may act for it, the league of cities or association of municipalities in that state (as recognized by the National League of Cities) may be asked to assist in resolving such disputes. In some places there are overlapping jurisdictions with the same name (for example, the city of Los Angeles and the county of Los Angeles). In such cases, the higher level government should have priority. Policy on Misrepresentation of Information http ://www. nic .us/Usdom-overview. html 3/29/00 THE US DOMAIN OVERVIEW t "Federally Recognized Indian Tribes" can register under NSN. For example: <indian-nation>.NSN. US. C, 18,4 - Interstate Authority This branch is used for joint governmental authorities that are multi-state. For example, the Port Authority of New York and New Jersey. < org~name >.ISA. US. Page 9 of 13 Registration: Registrations are by delegation, where a branch of the US Domain is delegated to an organization running name servers to support that branch. All K12 schools, community colleges/technical schools, and state and local government agencies are encouraged to register under the US Domain. For registration in other top level domains such as COM, NET, and ORG see the ICANN web site at http://wwwicann. org for a list of all current registrars, for EDU contact Network Solutions, Lnc. at http://www.netsol.com, and for GOV contact registration~fed.gov. To request a copy of the US Domain Template, send a message to the us-domain~isi.edu or use the ternplate available online. If you are registering a name in a zone that has been delegated, please mail your registration directly to the contact for the subdomain in which you want to register. The contact list for the subdomains delegated is available at Ddegated Subdomains and their Contacts. Delegation: Most branches of the US Domain are delegated. Typical delegations are localities (cities or counties), companies within cities, K12 schools, community colleges, libraries, state and federal government agencies. Examples of delegations are K12.TX.US for Kindergarten through 12th grade public schools in Texas, BERKELEY.CA. US for the locality Berkeley in California, or LIB.MN.US for the libraries in Minnesota. Acceptable locality names are those listed in the US Postal Service Zip Code Directory or a well- known atlas. Administrative and Technical Responsibilities There must be a knowledgeable and competent technical contact familiar with the hatemet Domain Name System. We do not provide technical support. We only register the domain names. Organizations requesting delegations must provide at least two independent (robust and reliable) DNS name servers in physically separate locations on the Internet. The servers shotrid be active and responsive to DNS queries BEFORE the application is submitted. Incomplete information about the http ://www.nic.us/usdom-overview.htmi 3/29/00 THE US DOMAIN OVERVIEW Page 8 of 13 TEC- Technical and Vocational Schools This branch was established for technical and vocational schools and colleges. For example: <school-name>. TEC. <state-code>. US. e, LIB -Libraries (State, Regional, City, County) This branch is used for public and private libraries, as well as library networks, consortiums, and systems. For example: <library-name>.LlB. <state-code>. US. < li brary-ne twork>.LIB. <state-code>. US. STATE -State Government Agencies This branch may be used for state agencies. For example: <org-name>. STATE. <state-code>, US. GEN -General Independent Entities This branch is used for state-wide non-profit organizations, such as clubs, etc. For example: < org-name >. GEN. <state-code >. US. h, COG- Councils of Government This branch is used for federations of cities or counties or their sub-agencies to work on particular issues on a regional basis forming councils of government. For example: <council-name>. COG. <state-code >. US. MUS- Museums This branch is used for museums. For example: <museum-name> .MUS. <state-code>. US. j, DST- Districts (DST replaces District) This branch is for governmental agencies in districts that may or may not have common boundaries with cities or counties, or general administrative districts, such as water supply, and resource management. For example: < o r g-narn e > . D S T. <state-code>. US. Names Parallel to States ao FED - Federal Government This branch is used for agencies of the federal government. For example: <org-,ame>.FED. US. NSN- Native Sovereign Nations This branch is used for North American Indian Nations, comprising Indian tribes, villages, ranchedas, colonies, and other Indian communities that can span state, regional, and national boundaries. The tribes listed in the Bureau of Indian Affairs http ://www. nic. u s/u sdom- overview. html 3/2 9/0 0 THE US DOMAIN OVERVIEW Page 7 of 13 Figure 6: State View Special Domain Names Name Space Within States LOCALITY- Cities, Counties, Parishes, and Townships The is the basic naming structure of the US Domain (i.e., businesses, individuals, private schools, city and county agencies). For example: <host-name>. <locality>. <state-code>. US. -- CI- City Government Agencies This branch is a subdomain under the <locality> name (like Santa-Monica) for the city government. For example: Fire-Dept. CI. Santa-Monica. CA. US. -- CO - County Government Agencies This branch is a subdomain under the <locality> name (like San-Bemardino) for the county government. For example: Fire-Dept. CO. San-Bernardino. CA. US b, K12 - Public Schools, Districts This branch is used for Kindergarten through 12th grade schools and districts. For example: <school-name>. <district>.K12. <state-code>. US. -- PFT- Private Schools A special name "PVT" may be used in the place of a school district name for private schools. For example: <school-name>.P V~.K12. <state-code>. US. C, CC- Community Colleges This branch was established for all statewide community colleges. For example: <school-name>. CC. <gate-code>. US. http ://www.nic. us/usdom-overview.html 3/29/00 THE US DOMAIN OVERVIEW Page 6 of 13 To accommodate both public and private schools, in each state's K12 branch, an artificial district called private or "PVT" is available. This gives a private school the option of registering like a business under "locality" or in the PVT.Kt2.<state-code>.US branch. Community College And Technical Vocational Schools To distinguish colleges and TechnicalfVocational schools, the keywords CC and TEC have been created. Figure 5 shows a view of these schools. Community colleges and Junior colleges are generally two year colleges sometimes offering an Associate of Arts degree. The courses offered at Community and Junior colleges are usually the equivalent of the first two years of a 4 year college. Technical and Vocational schools usually offer courses and training leading to specific specialized skills in a particular subject or technology. The naming structure for community colleges and technical/vocational schools in the form: <school-name>. CC. <state-code>. US <school-name>. TEC. <state-code>. US CState Code") CSchoolName ) C~School Name Figure 5: Community College View State Agencies Many states are setting up networks to interconnect the offices of state government agencies. The hosts in such networks should be registered under the STATE.<state-code>.US branch. See RFC 2146 US Government Interact Domain Names for how government agencies should register. Figure 6 shows a state view. http ://www.nic.us/usdom-overview.html 3/29/00 THE US DOMAIN OVERVIEW Page 5 of 13 I Lae~lit~ ) ~,~ ~h~o,:~ Service Un' . c ', ' Figure 4:K12 School View Schools Connected Through Network Providers Schools should be named in the K12 branch rather than having names under the name of a network consortium or service prorider. Deriving a school name from a service provider is like having the name of your telephone company as part of your organization name. Summary of Entities That Go Under K12 Schools public and private School districts School boards Special Education Service Units State Departments of Education City and County Departments of Education Consortiums connecting school districts and schools State Agencies connecting K12 schools School Networks providing connectivity to school districts School Related Entities In Other US Domain Branches FED - Military Schools Overseas For example: KI2.DODDS.FED.US STATE - State Departments of Education For example: DOE.STATE.IN.US LOCALITY - City or County Departments of Education For example: ED.CO. TULARE.CA.US - Private K12 schools For example: CCDS.CINCINNATI.OH.US Private Schools http ://www.nic.us/usdom-overview.html '3/29/00 THE US DOMAIN OVERVIEW Page 4 of 13 Acceptable locality names are those listed in the US Postal Service Zip Code Directory or a well known atlas. There is no requirement, as far as the overall US domain administration is concerned, that the user of a "locality" US domain name actually be in or have any connection with that locality. For example, the user of Smith. Boston. MA. US could actually reside in New Hampshire. Figure 3: Locality View K12 Schools Under The US Domain: K12 schools are connecting to the Internet and registering in the Internet Domain Name System. A decision has been made by the Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (after consultation with the InterNIC Internet Registry and the Federal Network Council (FNC)) to direct these school registrations to the US Domain using the naming structure described here (see Figure 4). Only four year colleges and universities may now be added to the EDU domain. Two year community colleges and technical schools are also registered in the US Domain. K12 schools are registered in the US Domain with names of the general form: <school-name>. <district>.K12. <state-code>. US Generally school names are unique within a district, and this provides two points at which to delegate a branch of the database to distinct administrators -- the K12 administrator for each state, and the district administrator for each school district within a state. Examples of K12 Public School Names and Districts riverdale-hs. K12. 7N. US (Riverdale High School) northstar. K12.AK. US (North Star School District) prs. K12.NJ. US (Princeton Regional School District ) http://www.nic.us/usdom-overview.html 3/29/00 THE US DOMAI~ OVERVIEW Page 3 of 13 townships), or local names. For small entities like individuals or small businesses there is usually no problem with selecting locality based names. For example: Quake. Sylmar. CA. US. For large entities like large corporations with multiple facilities in several cities or states this often seems like an unreasonable constraint (especially when compared with the alternative of registering directly in the COM domain). However, a company does have a head office in a particular locality and so could register with that name. For example: IBM. Armonk. NY. US Microsoft. Redmond WA. US The locality based domain names are the fundamental concept for naming in the US Domain. All other subdomains or branches are exceptions. See Figure 3 for locality view. Registered names under "locality" would include: <agencyname>. CI. <locality>. <state>. US (city government agency) <agencyrefine>. CO. <locality>. <state>. US (county government agency) <agencyname>. <locality>. <state>. US (businesses, private schools) In the cases where the locality name is a county, there is a branch under the locality name, called "CO", that is used by the county government. Businesses are registered directly under the locality nallle. Under the city locality name space there is a "CI" branch for city government agencies (some localities may use other names such as TOWN, VILLAGE, BOROUGH, or PARISH). As usual, businesses and private schools may register directly under the city name. In the case where there is both a county and a city with the same locality name there is no problem, since the names will be unique with the "CO" or "CI". For example, when the county has a fire department and the city has its own fire department, they could have names like: Fire-Dept. CI. Ventura. CA. US Fire-Dept. CO. Ventura. CA. US Cities are named (designated) by their full name (spelled out with hyphens replacing spaces (e.g., Santa~Monica or Fort-Collins). in a few cases in the past, a well-known city abbreviation known throughout a locality was allowed; eventually these abbreviated names will be replaced with the fully spelled out versions. It is very desirable that all users in the same city use the same designator for the city. That is, any particular locality should have just one domain name. An agency of the city government takes on the responsibility for the delegation of the domain (for example: CI.Ventura. CA. US) and can register all the other agencies under the CI code for the locality like Fire~-Dept. CI.Ventura. CA. US . In the same way the county government can take the responsibility for the delegation (for example: CO.Ventura. CA. US) and register all the agencies under it like Fire- Dept. CO. Ventura. CA. US. http://www.nic.us/usdom-overview.htmI 3/29/00 THE US DOMAIN OVERVIEW Page 2 of 13 Figure 1: A View of the Top Level Domain Who can Register Anyone can register under the US Domain as long as the naming structure is followed. The US Domain currently registers businesses, individuals, federal government agencies, state government agencies, K12 schools, community colleges, technical/vocational schools, private schools, libraries, museums, and city and county government agencies. Any computer in the United States may be registered in the US Domain hierarchy. GenerafHy, computers outside the United States are expected to register in other domains, however, there may be exceptions when a computer is used as part of a project or in a community with other computers in the US Domain. Naming Structure The US Domain hierarchy is based on political geography. The basic namespace under US is the state name space, then the "locality" name space (like a city or county), then organization or computer names, and so on (for example: foobar.marina-del-rey.ca. us). The state codes are those assigned by the US Postal Service (for example: "CA" is the state code for California). Figure 2 shows a view of second level domains under US. Figure 2: A View of Second Levd Domains In addition to strictly geographical names, some special affinity names are used, such as FED, STATE, K12, LIB, CC, TEC, GEN, DST, COG, MUS, ISA and NSN (these are explained under the Special Domain Names). Under the name space are CI and CO subdomains, and under K12 is PVT. Generally, it is expected that a name will correspond to a physical computer and that a computer will have exactly one name. Locality Names Within the state name space there are "locality" names, which may be cities, or counties (parishes or http ://www.nic.us/usdom-overview.htrrd 3/29/00 THE US DOMAIN OVERVIEW Page 1 of 13 THE US DOMAIN OVERVIEW Table of Contents · About US Domain · Who Can Register · Naming Structure o Locality Names o K12 Schools and Private Schools o Community Colleges and Technical Schools o State Agencies · Special Domains o Delegation of Special Domains · Registration · Delegation · WHOIS · Cost About US Domain The US Domain is an official top-level domain in the DNS of the Internet. It is administered by the US Domain Registry at the Information Sciences Institute of the University of Southern California (ISI). US is the ISO-3166 2-letter country code for the United States and thus the US Domain is established as a top-level domain and registered in the same way as other country domains. Figure 1 shows the relationship between the US domain and other top level domains. EDU COld US . IN [NY FR AU [BOULDER/ LA iI sFl http ://www.nic.us/usdom-overview.html 3/29/00 THE US DOMAIN OVERVIEW Page 13 of 13 localities, though some do. There is no requirement that domain names be flee, only that any charges be fair and applied equally to all customers. In the past, managers provided the nameservers and registration services for localities (and other branches of the US domain) for free. Some people came forward to provide this public service, and it is very much appreciated. Many locality names in the US domain are delegated to small companies. These companies need to charge a small fee to set up and maintain the database and run the nameservers to support this service. In the current environment of the Internet, it is reasonable for locality managers to charge a small fee for domain name service under the US domain delegations. Each locality domain manager is responsible for setting his own fees or billing practices and deciding what is "small". For example, some of these companies are charging $10 per year. In a some instances, a domain name previously allocated by the US Domain administrator may be passed on to a new locality manager during delegation. The new administrator of the locality has to notify such name holders one year in advance before charging for those domains. Go to ISI's home page. ~ Go back to top of the page. Please send mail regarding any problems or suggestions about this page to the US Domain Registry. Thank you. Last modified 25-0ct-99. ~ .1 ~2"'g.'l[~:~'~,'F;;;ll lit 1 .. 27.';;.;~215"' , http://www.nic.us/usdom-overview.html 3/29/00 THE US DOMAIN OVERVIEW Page 12 of 13 The US Domain Registry has instailed a client/server RWHOIS protocol to support the US Domain WHOIS information. We request that the administrator of a subdomain of the US Domain should also operate a RWHOIS server for those subdomains under them. For more information contact us- domain@isi. edu. The data from the information you supplied on your application will be used for your WHOIS entry. Currently, we provide third-level delegations in the US Domain WHOIS database. For example: K12.IL.US would have an entry in the US WHOIS database: yenera 37% whois -h whois.isi.echa k12.i1.us %RWhois V-1.0: whois.isi.edu (by InterNIC Registration illinois K12 Schools (K12-IL-US-DOM) K12 schools in Illinois CICNet 2901 Hubbard Dr. Ann Arbor, MI 48105 Services V-t.0B9.2) Domain Name: K12.IL.US Administrative Contact: Krol, Ed (EK10-US) krol@uiuc.edu (217) 333-7886 (FAX) 217-244-7089 Technical Contact: Veach, R. Ross (217) 244-4274 (RVS0-US) RRV@UIUC.EDU Registration Information: hostmgr@uiuc.gen.il.us Record Last Updated on Jan-13-98. Domain servers in listed order: NS.UIUC.GEN.IL.US 192.17.6.230 NS2.OAR.NET 192.88.195.10 The RWHOIS information is not available for fourth-level domains (example, co. san-diego.ca.us). We expect the manager of the third-level domains (example, san-diego.ca.us) to provide RWHOIS information for those domains. Please use tools such as "dig" or "nslookup" for server information about these domains. The RWHOIS for domains under .US is maintained by the US Domain Registry and not by the InterNIC. The WHOIS information for IP addresses and most nameservers are maintained by the InterNIC. To modify those please email hostmaster@internic.net. Cost: Currently, there is no cost charged by the US Domain administrator for delegating a locality or other branch of the US Domain at that level. Most managers of delegated branches do not charge for registering a host in the US domain in their http ://www. nic. u s/usdom- overview. html 3/2 9/0 0 THE US DOMAIN OVERVIEW Page 11 of 13 A new policy has been added to avoid several cases of misleading, erroneous, and outright false information provided on registration applications. One situation that occurs is that one individual represents himself as several distinct companies in order to bypass some limitations on the number of delegations allowed (e.g., the 50/500 rule). Another situation is with the requirement to provide a government employee as the administrative contact for a locality delegation. Some applications have been received with a government employee's contact information but that person has no idea that such an application has been submitted. Some applications provide contact information for an individual that knows what is going on but is not an employee of the locality government. StiI1 other applications have been received where the administrative contact information is fictional. The US Domain Registrar may choose to verify any or all of the information on registration applications (including the administrative contact) and if it is determined that the an application contains false or substantially misleading information that application may be denied, or if already acted on the delegation may be revoked, and in either case all other delegations made to the party submitting the false or misleading application may also be revoked. Delegation of the Spedal Domains The special domains (14212, CC, TEC, LIB, MUS, STATE, DST, COG and GEN) under each state are established for special purposes (defined in RFC 1480 ). In addition to the constraint to use them only for the defined purpose, each of these special domains is also delegated only to a manager within the state, and the operation of the delegated registry should be non-profit. The LIB and MUS domains should be managed by a govermental or educational institution. Further, it is most appropriate for the K12, CC, and TEC, domains to be managed by an educational organization (for example, a university or a department of education). The STATE domain is most appropriately managed by an agency of the state government. DST and COG should be managed by a goverment agency. The GEN domain may be delegated to a state organization that will provide the registration service for free (the purpose of GEN is to register statewide non-profit organizations). If we determine that these domains are being charged for, then all the domains delegated to that organization will be taken back. The same organization cannot have the delegation of GEN for two states. WHOIS: The InterNIC has developed the RWHOIS program which supports distributed databases of WHOIS information. This allows for the reduction of queries and referral of information to be closer to the maintainer of the information. http ://www.nic.us/usdom-overview.htmi 3/29/00 THE US DOMAIN OVERVIEW Page 10 of 13 servers and IP addresses or inactive servers will result in delay of the registration. The subdomain administrator must accept all applicants on an equal basis and provide timely processing of requests. You must set your host computers to accept zone transfers from the US Domain Registry. The subdomain manager must notify the US Domain Registrar immediately/bout any changes in the name servers that should be reflected in the US Domain zone files, or changes in the administrative and technical contact information. Administrators must follow the guidelines in the current US Domain RFC and assist applicants in selecting a domain name. The contact phone number given to the US Domain Registrar should be answered during normal business hours. All messages received after business hours should be answered the next working day. This is required to resolve problems either by US Domain or by the customer directly. ffwe receive many complaints or experience any problems ourselves in getting touch with the delegated manager the delegation may be revoked. Policy on the Number of Domains Some domain managers have taken on the responsibility for managing a large number of locality domains. To promote diversity, no single domain manager (person or company) should be responsible for more than 50 localities in one state, or 500 localities in total. Some domain managers have more 50 localities in one state. Those delegations were done prior to this rule. The above rule cannot be applied to those managers. Policy on Ddegation of Locality The policy given below cannot be applied to the domains that were delegated before 1-Jul-97. For delegations (or redelegafions) made after 1-hl-97, it is assumed by the US Domain Administrator that every applicant for the delegation (or redelegation) of a locality name has the written agreement of the legitimate government for that locality for the applicant to manage the domain name of that locality. Evidence of such an agreement does not need to be presented at the time of delegation (except that the administrative contact on the application ternplate must be the government representative). However, if the delegation is later challenged or contested, the manager of the locality domain must produce the agreement. Failure to do so will most likely result in the transfer of the management of the locality domain to another manager that does have such an agreement. If there is a dispute as to who is the legitimate government for a locality and who may act for it, the league of cities or association of municipalities in that state (as recognized by the National League of Cities) may be asked to assist in resolving such disputes. In some places there are overlapping jurisdictions with the same name (for example, the city of Los Angeles and the county of Los Angeles). In such cases, the higher level government should have priority. Policy on Misrepresentation of Information http://www. nic. u s/u sdom- overview. html 3/29/00 THE US DOMAIN OVERVIEW "Federally Recognized Indian Tribes" can register under NSN. For example: <indian-natjon>.NSN. US. C, ISA - Interstate Authority This branch is used for joint governmental authorities that are multi-state. For example, the Port Authority of New York and New Jersey. <org-narne>.ISA. US. Page 9 of 13 Registration: Registrations are by delegation, where a branch of the US Domain is delegated to an organization running name servers to support that branch. All K12 schools, community colleges/technical schools, and state and local government agencies are encouraged to register under the US Domain. For registration in other top level domains such as COM, NET, and ORG see the ICANN web site at http://www.ieann. org for a list of all current registrars, for EDU contact Network Solutions, Inc. at http://www.netsol.eom, and for GOV contact registration@fed.gov. To request a copy of the US Domain Ternplate, send a message to the us-domainC~jsi.edu or use the ternplate available online. If you are registering a name in a zone that has been delegated, please mail your registration directly to the contact for the subdomain in which you want to register. The contact list for the subdomains delegated is available at Delegated Subdomains and their Contacts. Delegation: Most branches of the US Domain are delegated. Typical delegations are localities (cities or counties), companies within cities, K12 schools, community colleges, libraries, state and federal government agencies. Examples of delegations are KI2.TX.US for Kindergarten through 12th grade public schools in Texas, BERKELEY.CA.US for the locality Berkeley in California, or LIB.MN.US for the libraries in Minnesota. Acceptable locality names are those listed in the US Postal Service Zip Code Directory or a well- known atlas. Administrative and Technical Responsibilities There must be a knowledgeable and competent technical contact familiar with the Internet Domain Name System. We do not provide technical support. We only register the domain names. Organizations requesting delegations must provide at least two independent (robust and reliable) DNS name servers in physically separate locations on the Internet. The servers should be active and responsive to DNS queries BEFORE the application is mired. Incomplete information about the http ://www. nic. u s/u sdom-overview. html 3/29/00 THE US DOMe,IN OVERVIEW Page 8 of 13 TEC- Technical and Vocational Schools This branch was established for technical and vocational schools and colleges. For example: <school-name>. TEC. <state-code>. US. e, LIB -Libraries (State, Regional, City, County) This branch is used for public and private libraries, as well as library networks, consortiums, and systems. For example: <library-name>.LIB. <state-code>. US. < li brary-network>.LIB. <state-code>. US. STATE -State Government Agencies This branch may be used for state agencies. For example:<org-name>.STATE. <state-code>. US. g, GEN-General Independent Entities This branch is used for state-wide non-profit organizations, such as clubs, etc. For example: <org-name>. GEN. <state-code>. US. ho COG - Councils of Government This branch is used for federations of cities or counties or their sub-agencies to work on particular issues on a regional basis forming councils of government. For example: <council-name>. COG. <state-code>. US. MUS - Museums This branch is used for museums. For example: <museum-name>.MUS. <state-code>. US. j, DST- Districts (DST replaces District) This branch is for governmental agencies in districts that may or may not have common boundaries with cities or counties, or general administrative districts, such as water supply, and resource management. For example: <org-name>.DST. <state-code>. US. Names Parallel to States a, FED - Federal Government This branch is used for agencies of the federal government. For example: <org-name>.FED. US. NSN- Native Sovereign Nations This branch is used for North American Indian Nations, comprising Indian tribes, villages, rancherias, colonies, and other Indian communities that can span state, regional, and national boundaries. The tribes listed in the Bureau of Indian Affairs http://www.nic.us/usdom-overview.html 3/29/00 THE US DO1VLAZN OVERVIEW Page 7 of 13 state Cocle.'~ I /J. STATE % Figure 6: State View Special Domain Names Name Space Within States at LOCALITY- Cities, Counties, Parishes, and Townships The is the basic naming structure of the US Domain (i.e., businesses, individuals, private schools, city and county agencies). For example: <host-name>. <locality>. <state-code>. US. -- CI - City Government Agencies This branch is a subdomain under the <locality> name (like Santa-Monica) for the city government. For example: Fire-Dept. CI. Santa-Monica. CA. US. -- CO - County Government Agencies This branch is a subdomain under the <locality> name (like San-Bemardino) for the county government. For example: Fire-Dept. C O. San-B ernar dino. CA. US b, K12 - Public Schools, Districts This branch is used for Kindergarten through 12th grade schools and districts. For example: <school-name>. <district>.K12. <state-code>. US. -- PVT- Private Schools A special name "PVT" may be used in the place of a school district name for private schools. For example: <school-name>.P F~.K12. <state-code>. US. C, CC - Community Colleges This branch was established for all atewide community colleges. For example: <school-name>. CC. <state-code>. US. http://www.nic.us/usdom-overview.html 3/29/00 THE US DOMAIN OVERVIEW Page 6 of 13 To accommodate both public and private schools, in each state's K12 branch, an artificial district called private or "PVT" is available. This gives a private school the option of registering like a business under "locality" or in the PVT.K12.<state-code>.US branch. Community College And Technical Vocational Schools To distinguish colleges and Technical/Vocational schools, the keywords CC and TEC have been created. Figure 5 shows a view of these schools. Community colleges and Junior colleges are generally two year colleges sometimes offering an Associate of Arts degree. The courses offered at Community and Junior colleges are usually the equivalent of the first two years of a 4 year college. Technical and Vocational schools usually offer courses and training leading to specific specialized skills in a particular subject or technology. The naming structure for community colleges and technical/vocational schools in the form: · <school-name>. CC. <state-code>. US <school-name>. TEC. <state-code>. US CSchool Name // \ F[e.Ie Code~ CSchoolN~me ) Figure 5: Community College View State Agencies Many states are setting up networks to interconnect the offices of state government agencies. The hosts in such networks should be registered under the STATE.<state-code>.US branch. See RFC 2146 US Government Imernet Domain Names for how governmere agencies should register. Figure 6 shows a state view. http://www.nic .us/usdom-overview.html 3/29/00 THE US DOMAIN OVERVIEW Page 5 of 13 Figure 4:K12 School View Schools Connected Through Network Providers Schools should be named in the K12 branch rather than having names under the name of a network consortium or service prorider. Deriving a school name from a service provider is like having the name of your telephone company as part of your organization name. Summary of Entities That Go Under K12 Schools public and private School districts School boards Special Education Service Units State Departments of Education City and County Departments of Education Consortiums connecting school districts and schools State Agencies connecting K12 schools School Networks providing connectivity to school districts School Related Entities In Other US Domain Branches FED - Military Schools Overseas For example; K12.DODDS.FED.US ST ATE - State Departments of Education For example: DOE. STATE.IN.US LOCALITY - City or County Departments of Education For example: ED.CO.TULARE.CA. US - Private K12 schools For example: CCDS.CINCINNATI. OH.US Private Schools http://www.nic.us/usdom-overview.html 3/29/00 THE US DOMAIN OVERVIEW Page 4 of 13 Acceptable locality names are those listed in the US Postal Service Zip Code Directory or a well known atlas. There is no requirement, as far as the overall US domain administration is concerned, that the user of a "locality" US domain name actually be in or have any connection with that locality. For example, the user of Smith. Boston. MA. US could actually reside in New Hampshire. Figure 3: Locality View K12 Schools Under The US Domain: K12 schools are connecting to the Interact and registering in the Internet Domain Name System. A decision has been made by the Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (after consultation with the ImerNIC Internet Registry and the Federal Network Council (FNC)) to direct these school registrations to the US Domain using the naming structure described here (see Figure 4). Only four year colleges and universities may now be added to the EDU domain. Two year community colleges and technical schools are also registered in the US Domain. K12 schools are registered in the US Domain with names of the general form: <school-name>. <district>.K1Z <state-code>. US Generally school names are unique within a district, and this provides two points at which to delegate a branch of the database to distinct administrators -- the K12 administrator for each state, and the district administrator for each school district within a state. Examples of K12 Public School Names and Districts riverdale-hs. K12. T~. US (Riverdale High School) northstar. K12.AK. US (North Star School District) prs. Ki 2.NJ. US (Princeton Regional School District ) http ://www.nic.ustusdom-overview.html 3/29/00 THE US DOMAIN OVERVIEW Page 3 of 13 townships), or local names. For small entities like individuals or small businesses there is usually no problem with selecting locality based names. For example: Quake. Sylmar. CA. US. For large entities like large corporations with multiple facilities in several cities or states this oRen seems like an unreasonable constraint (especially when compared with the alternative of registering directly in the COM domain). However, a company does have a head office in a particular locality and so could register with that name. For example: IBM. Armonk. NE. US Microsoff. Redmond WA. US The locality based domain names are the fundamental concept for naming in the US Domain. All other subdomains or branches are exceptions. See Figure 3 for locality view. Registered names under "locality" would include: <agencyname>.CI. <locality>. <state>. US (city government agency) <agencyname>. CO. < locality >. <state >. US (county government agency) <agencyname>. <locality>. <state>. US (businesses, private schools) In the cases where the locality name is a county, there is a branch under the locality name, called "CO", that is used by the county government. Businesses are registered directly under the locality name. Under the city locality name space there is a "CI" branch for city government agencies (some localities may use other names such as TOWN, VILLAGE, BOROUGH, or PARISH). As usual, businesses and private schools may register directly under the city name. In the case where there is both a county and a city with the same locality name there is no problem, since the names will be unique with the "CO" or "CI". For example, when the county has a fire department and the city has its own fire department, they could have names like: Fire-Dept. CI. Ventura. CA. US Fire-Dept. CO. Venturc~ CA. US Cities are named (designated) by their full name (spelled out with hyphens replacing spaces (e.g., Santa-Monies or Fort-Collins). In a few cases in the past, a well-known city abbreviation known throughout a locality was allowed; eventually these abbreviated' names will be replaced with the fully spelled out versions. It is very desirable that all users in the same city use the same designator for the city. That is, any particular locality should have just one domain name. An agency of the city government takes on the responsibility for the delegation of the domain (for example: CI.Ventura. CA. US) and can register all the other agencies under the CI code for the locality like Fire-Dept. CI.Ventura. CA.US. In the same way the county government can take the responsibility for the delegation (for example: CO.Ventura. CA. US) and register all the agencies under it like Fire- Dept. CO.Ventura. CA.US. http://www.nic.us/usdom-overview.html 3/29/00 THE US DOM~rN OVERVIEW Page 2 of 13 t Figure 1: A View of the Top Level Domain Who can Register Anyone can register under the US Domain as long as the naming structure is followed. The US Domain currently registers businesses, individuals, federal government agencies, state government agencies, K12 schools, community colleges, technical/vocational schools, private schools, libraries, museums, and city and county government agencies. Any computer in the United States may be registered in the US Domain hierarchy. Generally, computers outside the United States are expected to register in other domains, however, there may be exceptions when a computer is used as part of a project or in a community with other computers in the US Domain. Naming Structure The US Domain hierarchy is based on political geography. The basic namespace under US is the state name space, then the "locality" name space (like a city or county), then organization or computer names, and so on (for example: foobar.mafina-del-rey.ca.us). The state codes are those assigned by the US Postal Service (for example: "CA" is the state code for California). Figure 2 shows a view of second level domains under US. Figure 2: A View of Second Level Domains In addition to strictly geographical names, some special affinity names are used, such as FED, STATE, K12, LIB, CC, TEC, GEN, DST, COG, MUS, ISA and NSN (these are explained under the .S. peciai Domain Names). Under the name space are CI and CO subdomains, and under K12 is PVT. Generally, it is expected that a name will correspond to a physical computer and that a computer will have exactly one name. Locality Names Within the state name space there are "locality" names, which may be cities, or counties (parishes or http ://www. nic. u s/usdom- overview. html 3/29/00 THE US DOMAtN OVERVtEW Page 1 of !3 THE US DOMAIN OVERVIEW Table of Contents About US Domain Who Can Register Naming Structure o Locality Names o K12 Schools and Private Schools o Community Colleges and Technical Schools o State Agencies Special Domains o Delegation of Special Domains Registration Delegation WHOIS Cost About US Domain The US Domain is an official top-level domain in the DNS of the Internet. It is administered by the US Domain Registry at the Information Sciences Institute of the University of Southern California (ISI). US is the ISO-3166 2-letter country code for the United Sates and thus the US Domain is established as a topdevel domain and registered in the same way as other country domains. Figure 1 shows the relationship between the US domain and other top level domains. II http://www .nic. us/usdom-overview. html 3/29/00 PROCEDURES FOR REGISTRATION Go back to ISI's home page. ~ Go back to top of the page. Please send mail regarding any problems or suggesaons about this page to the US Domain Registry. Thank you. Last modified 22-Sep-1999. Page 3 of 3 http://www.nic.us/usdom-procedures.html 3/29/00 PROCEDURES FOR REGISTRATION us-domain@isi.edu. Modifying or Transfer of Existing Domains · If the person requesting the modification is not listed in our contacts, then we must have an email confirmation from our listed contacts authorizing the person to make these changes. · To find out the contacts for a particular domain email us at us-domain@isi.edu. · The ternplate for modification is available online. · On the template, please specify "modify" in response to Q1 and the domain name that needs to be modified in response to Q2. · We must be notified of any changes in the names of the servers. If the names of the servers remain the same but the IP addresses change you need only notify us in the case that the server is in the subdomain served (technically this is called a "glue record"). · Note that we cannot process modifications on a specific date. · We do not provide technical support. · RWHOIS is not updated immediately. For more information see RWHOIS. · The RWHOIS information is not available for fourth-level domains (for exampie: ci.ventura.ca.us). Please use tools such as "dig" or "nslookup" for server information about these domains. The rules for transfer of the domain is same as that of modification. ' .2;...;;.'2~t'FE ' Illll --l'-:'.;~-.;' llllmmmmm~ Deleting Existing Domains · If the person requesting the deletion is not listed in our contacts,then we must have an email confirmation from our listed contacts authorizing the person to make these changes. · The ternplate for deletion is available online. · On the temptate please specify "Delete" in response to Q1 and the domain name that needs to be deleted in response to Q2. http ://www.nlc.us/usdom-procedures.html Page 2 of 3 3/29/00 PROCEDURES FOR REGISTRATION PROCEDURES FOR REGISTRATION iApplying for New Domains · Plese read the Overview before filling out the registration forms. o Domain Names cannot be of the form <Organization>.US or <Organization>.<state>.US. o You can apply for a delegation of a locality (third-level) name or an organization (fourth-level) name, but you should not apply for the delegation for a specific hosts or functions (such as ALPHA or WWW). · The domain name for an organization, company, or individual should only be of the form <Organization>.<Locaiity>.<State>.US. · For delegation of the whole locality, the domain name should :be of the form <Locality >.<State>.US. · Before applying for the delegation of the whole locality read the delegation requirements. · City government domain names should be of the form CI.<Locality >.<State>.US. County government domain names should be of the form CO.<.Locality>.<State>.US. If your entity is not a city or county but Village, Parish, Borough, or Town, then use the appropriate name instead of CI or CO. · We do not assign IP addresses. · : The ternplate must be filled out completely in order for it to be processed. · The template is available online. · When you use the online form, you will get a copy of the template and an automated reply as soon as we receive the form. If ~you do not receive these two then we have not received the form and you must resubmit the form. · We do not provide any technical support!at all. Do not call us with technical questions. Contact your local service prorider. · If you have any other questions, please eraall us at http://www. nic. u s/u sdom-pro cedures. html Page 1 of 3 3/29/00